Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Risk Assessments
Risk assessments for species beginning with the letter "C":


Information on Risk Assessments
Scientific Name Family Common name Risk assessment Country or Area Score Recommendation
Cabomba caroliniana Cabombaceae fanwort Assessment Australia 18 reject

Caesalpinia bonduc

Fabaceae

nickerbean

Assessment

Pacific

12

high risk**

Caesalpinia crista Fabaceae gray nicker Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Caesalpinia decapetala Fabaceae Mysore thorn Assessment Pacific 20 high risk
Caesalpinia ferrea Fabaceae Brazilian ironwood Assessment Pacific -3 low risk
Caesalpinia latisiliqua Fabaceae Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Caesalpinia major

Fabaceae

yellow nicker

Assessment

Pacific

10

high risk**

Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Fabaceae

dwarf poinciana

Assessment

Pacific

5

low risk*

Cajanus cajan

Fabaceae

pigeon pea

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Calamus caesius Aracaceae sega rattan Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate
Calathea majestica Marantaceae Assessment Pacific -1 low risk
Callaeum macropterum Malphigiaceae yellow butterfly vine Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate

Calliandra calothyrsus

Fabaceae

calliandra

Assessment

Pacific

11

high risk

Calliandra haematocephala Fabaceae red powder puff Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*
Calliandra haematocephala Fabaceae red powder puff Assessment U.S. (Florida) 1 accept*

Calliandra surinamensis

Fabaceae

pink powderpuff

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Calicarpa japonica Verbenaceae Japanese beautyberry Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate
Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae crimson bottlebrush

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Callistemon citrinus Myrtaceae crimson bottlebrush Assessment U.S. (Florida) -1 accept
Callistemon rigidus Myrtaceae stiff bottlebrush

Assessment

Pacific 1 low risk*
Callistemon viminalis Myrtaceae weeping bottlebrush Assessment

Pacific

3

low risk*

Callistephus chinensis Asteraceae China aster Assessment U.S. (Florida) 2 accept*
Callitris columellaris Cupressaceae white cypress-pine Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Callitris endlicheri Cupressaceae black cypress-pine Assessment Pacific 10 high risk
Calodendrum capense Rutaceae Cape-chestnut Assessment Pacific -1 low risk
Calophyllum inophyllum Clusiaceae kamani Assessment

Pacific

6

evaluate**

Calopogonium mucunoides Fabaceae calopo Assessment Australia 10 reject
Calopogonium mucunoides Fabaceae calopo Assessment Pacific 6 low risk*
Calotropis gigantea Asclepiadaceae crownplant Assessment Pacific 15 high risk
Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae calotrope Assessment Australia 8 reject
Calotropis procera Asclepiadaceae small crownflower Assessment Pacific 15 high risk
Camelina sativa Brassicaceae false flax Assessment Pacific 9.5 high risk
Camellia sinensis Theaceae tea Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Cananga odorata

Annonaceae

perfume tree

Assessment

Pacific

3

low risk*

Canarium album Burseraceae chinese olive Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate
Canarium indicum Burseraceae canarium-nut Assessment Pacific -1 low risk
Canavalia ensiformis Fabaceae horsebean Assessment Pacific 6 low risk*
Canna indica Cannaceae African arrowroot Assessment Pacific 17 high risk
Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae marijuana Assessment Pacific 8.5 high risk
Caperonia palustris Euphorbiaceae Texas weed Assessment U.S. (Florida) 5 evaluate
Capsicum annuum Solanaceae bird pepper Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Capsicum frutescens

Solanaceae

wild pepper

Assessment

Pacific

5

low risk*

Carallia brachiata Rhizophoraceae corkwood Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate
Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sapindaceae showy baloonvine Assessment Pacific 18 high risk
Cardiospermum halicacabum Sapindaceae balloon vine Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Carex ciliatomarginata Cyperaceae   Assessment U.S. (Florida) 4 accept*
Carex muskingumensis Cyperaceae Muskingum sedge Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Carica papaya

Caricaceae

papaya

Assessment

Pacific

2

low risk*

Carica pentagona Caricaceae babaco Assessment Pacific -10 low risk
Carissa bispinosa Apocynaceae hedgethorn Assessment U.S. (Florida) 0 accept

Carissa grandiflora

Apocynaceae

Natal plum

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Carludovica palmata Cyclanthaceae Panama hat plant Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Carmona retusa Boraginaceae Fukien tea Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate
Carpentaria acuminata Arecaceae Carpentaria palm Assessment Pacific -5 low risk
Carpobrotus edulis Aizoaceae ice plant Assessment Pacific 9.5 high risk
Caryota mitis Arecaceae fishtail palm Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate
Caryota urens Arecaceae toddy palm Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate
Casimiroa edulis Rutaceae white sapote Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*
Cassia bakeriana Fabaceae pink shower tree Assessment

Pacific

-2

low risk

Cassia fistula Fabaceae golden shower tree Assessment Pacific 3 low risk*

Cassia grandis

Fabaceae

pink shower tree

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Cassia javanica

Fabaceae

pink shower tree

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Cassia x nealiae

Fabaceae

rainbow shower tree

Assessment

Pacific

-8

low risk

Cassia roxburghii Fabaceae red cassia Assessment Pacific -4 low risk
Castilla elastica Moraceae Panama rubber tree Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Casuarina cunninghamiana Casuarinaceae cunninghamia beefwood Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Casuarina equisetifolia Casuarinaceae ironwood Assessment Pacific 21 high risk
Casuarina glauca Casuarinaceae gray sheoak Assessment Pacific 20 high risk
Catalpa longissima Bignoniaceae Jamaica oak

Assessment

Pacific

2

low risk*

Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Madagascar periwinkle Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Ceanothus 'Julia Phelps' Rhamnaceae California lilac Assessment Pacific -4 low risk
Cecropia obtusifolia Cecropiaceae trumpet tree Assessment Pacific 10 high risk
Cecropia peltata Cecropiaceae trumpet tree Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Cedrela odorata Meliaceae Spanish cedar Assessment Pacific 2 evaluate
Cedrus deodara Pinaceae Deodar cedar Assessment Pacific 0 low risk
Ceiba pentandra Bombacaceae kopok tree Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*
Cenchrus ciliaris Poaceae buffelgrass Assessment Australia 7 reject
Cenchrus echinatus Poaceae burgrass Assessment Australia 11 reject
Centaurea melitensis Asteraceae yellow star thistle Assessment Pacific 18 high risk
Centella asiatica Apiaceae Asiatic pennywort Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Centranthus ruber Valerianaceae red valerian Assessment Pacific 10 high risk
Centratherum punctatum Asteraceae lark daily Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Centrosema molle Fabaceae centro Assessment Pacific 11 high risk
Cerastium purpurascens Caryophyllaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 2 accept*

Ceratonia siliqua

Fabaceae

carob tree

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Ceratonia siliqua Fabaceae carob tree Assessment U.S. (Florida) 1 accept*
Cerbera manghas Apocynaceae pink-eyed cerbera

Assessment

Pacific 1 low risk*
Ceroxylon alpinum Arecaceae wax palm Assessment Pacific -4 low risk
Cestrum aurantiacum Solanaceae orange cestrum Assessment Pacific 15 high risk
Cestrum elegans Solanaceae crimson cestrum Assessment Pacific 18 high risk
Cestrum nocturnum Solanaceae night-blooming jasmine Assessment Pacific 17 high risk
Cestrum parqui Solanaceae green cestrum Assessment Australia 11 reject

Chamaecrista nictitans

Fabaceae

partridge pea

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Chamaedorea elegans Arecaceae parlor palm Assessment Pacific 0 low risk
Chamaedorea metallica Arecaceae metallic plam Assessment Pacific -2 low risk
Chamaedorea seifrizii Arecaceae reed palm Assessment Pacific 6 evaluate
Chamaesyce albomarginata Euphorbiaceae rattle snake weed Assessment Pacific 3 low risk*
Chambeyronia macrocarpa Arecaceae Flame Thrower Palm Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Chamelaucium uncinatum

Asteraceae

Geraldton wax

Assessment

Pacific

-2.5

low risk

Chasmanthium latifolium Poaceae northern sea oats Assessment Pacific 8.5 high risk
Cheilocostus speciosus Costaceae crepe-ginger Assessment Pacific 11 high risk
Chenopodium carinatum Chenopodiaceae Tasmanian goosefoot Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Chenopodium quinoa Chenopodiaceae quinoa Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate
Chione sylvicola Rubiaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept
Chloranthus sessilifolius Chloranthaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 1 accept*
Chloris barbata Poaceae swollen fingergrass Assessment Australia 13 reject
Chloris gayana Poaceae Rhodes grass Assessment Australia 6 reject
Chlorocardium rodiei Lauraceae greenheart tree Assessment Pacific -1 low risk
Chlorophytum comosum Liliaceae spiderplant Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Chlorophytum saundersiae Anthericaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 0 accept
Chloroxylon swietenia Rutaceae East Indian satinwood Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Chorisia speciosa

Bombacaceae

floss-silk tree

Assessment

Pacific

-7

low risk

Chorisia speciosa Bombacaceae floss-silk tree Assessment U.S. (Florida) -5 accept
Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae chromolaena Assessment Pacific 34 high risk
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium Asteraceae pyretrum Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate
Chrysobalanus icaco Chrysobalanaceae coco plum Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Chrysophyllum oliviforme Sapotaceae satin leaf Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Chrysophyllum venezuelanense Sapotaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -5 accept
Chrysopogon zizanioides (fertile) Poaceae vetiver grass wild type Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Chrysopogon zizanioides  'Sunshine' Poaceae vetiver grass 'Sunshine' Assessment Pacific -8 low risk
Chrysosplenium valdivicum Saxifragaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -1 accept
Chrysothemis pulchella Gesneriaceae copper leaf Assessment Pacific 3 low risk*
Cicerbita prenanthoides Asteraceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -3 accept
Cimicifuga brachycarpa Ranunculaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept
Cinchona pubescens Rubiaceae quinine tree Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Cinnamomum aromaticum

Lauraceae

chinese cinnamon

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Cinnamomum bermannii Lauraceae Padang cassia Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Cinnamomum camphora Lauraceae camphor tree Assessment Pacific 7.5 high risk
Cinnamomum verum Lauraceae cinnamon tree Assessment Pacific 10 high risk
Cirsium vulgare Asteraceae spear thistile Assessment Australia 21 reject
Cirsium vulgare Asteraceae bull thistle Assessment Pacific 18.5 high risk

Cissus discolor

Vitaceae

rex begonia vine

Assessment

Pacific

1

evaluate

Cissus nodosa Vitaceae Javanese treebine Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae veldt-grape Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Cissus repens Vitaceae cissus Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Cissus rotundifolia Vitaceae Venezuelan treebine Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Cisus verticillata Vitaceae princess vine Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Citharexylum spinosum Verbenaceae fiddlewood Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Citrus aurantiifolia

Rutaceae

lime

Assessment

Pacific

2

low risk*

Citrus × Citrofortunella mitis

Rutaceae

calamondin

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Citrus limon

Rutaceae

lemon

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Citrus maxima

Rutaceae

pummelo

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Citrus x paradisi

Rutaceae

grapefruit

Assessment

Pacific

-8

low risk

Citrus reticulata

Rutaceae

Mandarin orange

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Citrus sinensis Rutaceae sweet orange Assessment Pacific -2 low risk
Cladochaeta candidissima Asteraceae   Assessment U.S. (Florida) 1 accept*
Clausena lansium Rutaceae Chinese clausena Assessment Pacific 0 low risk
Cleistocactus baumannii Cactaceae firecracker cactus Assessment Pacific -4 low risk
Clematis hexapetala Ranunculaceae   Assessment U.S. (Florida) 4 accept*

Clerodendrum buchananii

Verbenaceae

red clerodendrum

Assessment

Pacific

7

high risk

Clerodendrum chinense Verbenaceae Chinese glory bower Assessment Pacific 18 high risk
Clerodendrum glabrum Verbenaceae Natal glorybower Assessment Pacific -1 low risk
Clerodendrum incisum Verbenaceae morning kiss Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate
Clerodendrum inerme Verbenaceae seaside clerodendrum Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate**
Clerodendrum macrostegium Verbenaceae velvetleaf glorybower Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Clerodendrum paniculatum Verbenaceae pagoda flower Assessment Australia 9 reject
Clerodendrum paniculatum Verbenaceae pagoda flower Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate
Clerodendrum quadriloculare Verbenaceae bronze-leaved clerodendrum Assessment Pacific 11 high risk
Clerodendrum wallichii Verbenaceae chui mo li Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate
Clidemia hirta Melastomataceae Koster's curse Assessment Pacific 27 high risk
Clitoria ternatea Fabaceae butterfly pea Assessment Australia 7 reject

Clitoria ternatea

Fabaceae

butterfly pea

Assessment

Pacific

9

high risk

Clusia rosea Clusiaceae autograph tree Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Cnidoscolus acontifolius Euphorbiaceae tree spinach Assessment Pacific 10 high risk
Cnidoscolus chayamansa Euphorbiaceae tree spinach Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*
Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae ivy gourd Assessment Australia 9 reject
Coccinia grandis Cucurbitaceae ivy gourd Assessment Pacific 21 high risk

Coccoloba uvifera

Polygonaceae

sea grape

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Coccothrinax barbadensis Aracaceae Puerto Rico silver palm Assessment Pacific 2 evaluate
Cocculus laurifolius Menispermaceae cocculus Assessment U.S. (Florida) 0 accept

Cochlospermum vitifolium

Bixaceae

buttercup tree

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Cocos nucifera Arecaceae coconut palm Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Codiaeum variegatum

Euphorbiaceae

croton

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Coffea arabica Rubiaceae coffee tree Assessment Pacific 2 high risk*
Coffea liberica Rubiaceae Liberian coffee tree Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate
Coix lacryma-jobi Poaceae Job's tears Assessment Australia 4 more information
Colocasia heterochroma Araceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 3 accept*
Colpothrinax wrightii Arecaceae barrel palm Assessment Pacific -2 low risk
Colubrina asiatica Rhamnaceae Asiatic colubrina Assessment U.S. (Florida) 19 reject**
Colvillea racemosa Fabaceae Colville's glory Assessment

Pacific

-8

low risk

Combretum bracteosum Combretaceae hiccup nut Assessment U.S. (Florida) 4 accept*
Combretum constrictum Combretaceae combretum Assessment Pacific 4 low risk*
Combretum ovalifolium Combretaceae   Assessment U.S. (Florida) 2 evaluate
Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae tropical spiderwort Assessment U.S. (Florida) 17 reject
Commelina communis Commelinaceae Asiatic daisy Assessment Pacific 21 high risk
Commelina diffusa Commelinaceae spreading dayflower Assessment Pacific 23 high risk
Congea tomentosa Verbenaceae shower of orchids Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*
Conocarpus erectus Combretaceae buttonwood Assessment Pacific 3 low risk*
Copaifera langsdorffii Fabaceae diesel tree Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate
Copernicia prunifera Arecaceae carnauba wax palm Assessment Pacific 0 low risk
Coprosma repens Rubiaceae creeping mirrorplant Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Cordia alliodora Boraginaceae Spanish elm Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Cordia lutea Boraginaceae yellow geiger Assessment Pacific -6 low risk
Cordia monoica Boraginaceae snot berry Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate

Cordia sebestena

Boraginaceae

geiger tree

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Cordia subcordata

Boraginaceae

kou

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Cortaderia jubata Poaceae purple pampas grass Assessment Australia 22 reject
Cortaderia jubata Poaceae Andean pampas grass Assessment Pacific 26 high risk
Cortaderia selloana Poaceae silver pampas grass Assessment Australia 24 reject
Cortaderia selloana Poaceae pampas grass Assessment Pacific 24 high risk
Corymbia citriodora Myrtaceae lemon-scented gum Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Corymbia ficifolia

Myrtaceae

red-flowering gum

Assessment

Pacific

-7

low risk

Corynocarpus laevigatus Corynocarpaceae karaka nut Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Costus dubius Costaceae costus Assessment Pacific 8 high risk
Costus woodsonii Costaceae Indian-head ginger Assessment Pacific 11 high risk
Cotinus coggygria Anacardiaceae smoketree Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate
Cotoneaster pannosus Rosaceae silver-leaf cotoneaster Assessment Australia 5 evaluate
Cotoneaster pannosus Rosaceae silver-leaf cotoneaster Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Cotoneaster submultiflorus Rosaceae many-flowered cotoneaster Assessment U.S. (Florida) 2 evaluate
Crassula multicava Crassulaceae fairy crassula Assessment Pacific 12 high risk
Crassula ovata Crassulaceae jade plant Assessment

Pacific

-4 low risk
Crateva religiosa Capparaceae spider tree Assessment Pacific 0 low risk
Cratoxylum formosum Hypericaceae pink mempat Assessment

Pacific

1 evaluate

Crescentia cujete

Bignoniaceae

calabash tree

Assessment

Pacific

-8

low risk

Crinum asiaticum Liliaceae crinum Assessment Pacific -4 low risk
Crossandra infundibuliformis Acanthaceae firecracker plant Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*
Crotalaria juncea Fabaceae Indian hemp Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate
Crotalaria retusa Fabaceae wedge-leaf crotalaria Assessment Australia 5 evaluate
Crotalaria spectabilis Fabaceae showy crotalaria Assessment Australia 9 reject
Crotalaria trichotoma Fabaceae curara-pea Assessment Australia 4 more information

Cryptomeria japonica

Taxodiaceae

Japanese cedar

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Cryptostegia grandiflora Asclepiadaceae rubbervine Assessment Australia 16 reject
Cryptostegia grandiflora Asclepiadaceae rubbervine Assessment Pacific 28 high risk

Cryptostegia madagascariensis

Asclepiadaceae

Madagascar rubber vine

Assessment

Pacific

13

high risk

Cubanola domingensis Rubiaceae Dominica bell flower Assessment Pacific -4 low risk
Cupania cinerea Sapindaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 1 evaluate
Cupaniopsis anacardioides Sapindaceae carrotwood Assessment Pacific 9 high risk
Cupaniopsis anacardioides Sapindaceae carrotwood Assessment U.S. (Florida) 3 reject*

Cuphea hyssopifolia

Lythraceae

false heather

Assessment

Pacific

5

low risk*

Cuphea ignea

Lythraceae

Mexican cigar plant

Assessment

Pacific

3

low risk*

Cuphea subuligera Lythraceae mauve cuphea Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*
Cupressus arizonica Cupressaceae Arizona cypress Assessment Pacific 15 high risk
Cupressus x leylandii Cupressaceae Leyland cypress Assessment Pacific -7 low risk
Cupressus lusitanica Cupressaceae Mexican cypress Assessment Pacific 6 low risk*
Cupressus macrocarpa Cupressaceae Monterey cypress Assessment Pacific 7 high risk
Cupressus sempervirens Cupressaceae Italian cypress Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Curcuma longa

Zingiberaceae

tumeric

Assessment

Pacific

-8

low risk

Curcuma zedoaria Zingiberaceae rose tumeric Assessment Pacific -3 low risk
Cuscuta campestris Cuscutaceae golden dodder Assessment Australia 22 reject

Cussonia paniculata

Araliaceae

mountain cabbage tree

Assessment

Pacific

-7

low risk

Cussonia spicata

Araliaceae

cabbage tree

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Fabaceae cluster bean Assessment Pacific -11 low risk
Cyathea australis Cyatheaceae rough tree fern Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate
Cyanotis cristata Commelinaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 5 evaluate

Cyathea cooperi

Cyatheaceae

Australian tree fern

Assessment

Pacific

8

high risk

Cyathea medullaris Cyatheaceae black tree fern Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Cycas revoluta

Cycadaceae

king sago

Assessment

Pacific

-2

low risk

Cyclanthera pedata Cucurbitaceae wild cucumber Assessment

U.S. (Florida)

1 evaluate
Cymbopogon citratus Poaceae lemongrass Assessment Pacific -2 low risk
Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Bermuda grass Assessment Pacific 22 high risk
Cyperus esculentus Cyperaceae yellow nutsedge Assessment U.S. (Florida) 19 reject

Cyperus involucratus

Cyperaceae

umbrella sedge

Assessment

Pacific

17

high risk

Cyperus pilosus Cyperaceae fuzzy flatsedge Assessment U.S. (Florida) 7 reject
Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae purple nutsedge Assessment Australia 13 reject
Cyrtostachys renda Arecaceae sealing wax palm Assessment Pacific 1 evaluate

*Accepted or rejected based on second screen.
**Native or early introduction in the Pacific region (excluding Hawai‘i).


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This page updated 22 March 2013