Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: High risk, score: 7


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides. Kunth Family - Asteraceae. Common Names(s) - Mexican flame vine. Synonym(s) - Senecio chenopodioides Kunth, Senecio confusus Britten, Sencecio kemesinus Hemsl.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

 

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

7

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence.

 

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to: Costa Rica; El Salvado; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Guyana; Surname; Venezuela; Columbia.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?406942 [Cited 2009 May 18].

2.02

(1) Native to: Costa Rica; El Salvado; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Guyana; Surname; Venezuela; Columbia.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?406942 [Cited 2009 May 18].

2.03

(1) USDA 9 - 11. This tropical vine is killed to the ground by frost, but even in Zone 8 gardens it will quickly recover. (2) USDA Zones 9-11. (3) "In Guatemala,, thickets and forest edges, commonly at 700-1,200 m but found from near sea level to 2,200 m."

(1) http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18]. (2) http://www.gardenvines.com/shop/other-species-9/pseudogynoxys-chenopodioides-357.html [Cited 2009 May 18]. (3) http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/pseudogynoxys_chenopodioides.htm [Cited 2009 May 18.]

2.04

(1) Native to: Costa Rica; El Salvado; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Guyana; Surname; Venezuela; Columbia.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?406942 [Cited 2009 May 18].

2.05

(1) Cultivated and Naturalized in the tropics and subtemperate climates. Naturalized in Puerto Rico.

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

3.01

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

3.02

(1) Rampant scrambling, climbing vine. Extremely fast growing and aggressive, able to become a serious weedy nuisance. Escaped from cultivation in Florida. (2) Commonly cultivated ornamental in Hawaii. It appears to escape cultivation into adjacent areas, but no evidence that it has become naturalized.

(1) http://www.plantbook.org/plantdata/asteraceae/pseudogynoxys_chenopodioides.html [Cited 2009 May 18]. (2) Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D.R., Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press

3.03

(1) No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/pseudogynoxys_chenopodioides/ [Cited 2009May 18].

3.04

(1) No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/pseudogynoxys_chenopodioides/ [Cited 2009May 18].

3.05

(1) Previous to this article (1996) only Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides and the rarely collected Pseudogynoxys fragrans were known in cultivation with P. chenopodioides the sole species of the genus known to be cultivated in the United States (out-of-doors in California, S. Florida, S. Texas, and Hawaii).

(1) Pruski, J. F. 1996. "Pseudogynoxys lobata (Compositae: Senecioneae), a New Species from Bolivia and Brazil." Systematic Botany 21(1): 101-105.

4.01

(1) Lvs petiolat; ovate to ovate-lanceolat 1.5-4" x 0.66-2", light green, rather thick, glabrous, margins coarsely toothed.

(1) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1) This review deals with the chemical studies of 44 Mexican species belonging to the subtribes Senecioninae and Tussilagininae. The chemical studies of species of Senecio and Packera show the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA's) and eremophilane derivatives as their main metabolites. PA's are responsible for health problems and for numerous deaths of cattle and human beings. Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides has a special chemical composition in which no PA nor eremophilane was found. (2) No evidence in PubMed of toxicity. (3) No evidence of toxicity.

(1) de Vivar A.R., Perez-Castorena A., Arciniegas A., Villasenor J.L. 2007. Secondary metabolites from Mexican species. J. Mex. Chem. Soc. 51 (3):160-172 (2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez[Cited 2009 May 18]. (3) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search [Cited 2009 May 18].

4.06

No evidence. (1) Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides is a host for a flower beetle, Euphorbia sepulcralis. This beetle is common in Florida and the eastern United States. It occasionally achieves pest status because of the damage it does to corn, roses, and the flowers of blooming trees. There are records of the beetles invading bee hives and damaging combs. (2) Seldom bothered by pests.

(1) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/IN/IN75000.pdf [Cited 2009 May 11] (2) .http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18]

4.07

(1) All parts of the plant have an allergenic component. An itching rash has been reported after handling this ornamental vine.

(1) http://www.allergenica.com/Details.asp?PLANTID=134 [Cited 2009 May 18].

4.08

Unknown

4.09

(1) Bright sun or light shade. (2) Full sun, partial shade.

(1) http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18]. (2) http://www.gardenvines.com/shop/other-species-9/pseudogynoxys-chenopodioides-357.html [Cited 2009 May 18].

4.10

(1) Not particular about soil type. (2) Water to establish on any soil. (3) Soil pH requirements: 6.1-6.5 (mildly acidic), 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral), 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline).

(1) http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18]. (2) http://mgonline.com/mexicanflamevine.html [Cited 2009 May 18] (3) .http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1329/ [cited 2009 May 18].

4.11

(1) Unlike many other vines, the Mexican flame vine tends to be rather compact. It is usually less than 10 ft (3.1 m) in height and does not outgrow small gardens and yards.

(1) http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18].

4.12

(1) Terrestrial vine.

(1) Terrestrial vine.

5.01

(1) Terrestrial vine.

(1) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.02

(1) Asteraceae

(1) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.03

(1) Asteraceae

(1) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

5.04

(1) Vine.

(1) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.01

No evidence.

 

6.02

(1) Propagation by seeds.

(1) http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18].

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1) Attracts bees , butterflies and/or birds. (2) Ray corollas: laminae 12–20+ mm. Disc corollas 8–12 mm, lobes 1.5–2.5+ mm.

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1329/ [Cited 2009 May 18]. (2) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250067399 [Cited 2009 May 18].

6.06

(1) Propagate by seeds, cuttings or layers (sections of vine that naturally form roots where it touches the ground)

(1) http://www.floridata.com/ref/P/pseu_che.cfm [Cited 2009 May 18].

6.07

Unknown (1) Extremely fast growing.

(1) http://www.plantbook.org/plantdata/asteraceae/pseudogynoxys_chenopodioides.html [Cited 2009 May 18].

7.01

Unknown

7.02

(1) Widely cultivated for its large showy capitula with bright orange ray corollas.

(1) Pruski, J. F. 1996. "Pseudogynoxys lobata (Compositae: Senecioneae), a New Species from Bolivia and Brazil." Systematic Botany 21(1): 101-105.

7.03

Not likely. (1) Terrestrial vine.

(1) Terrestrial vine.

7.04

(1) Achenes turbinate, hispidulous, ca. 4 mm long; pappus of numerous white bristles, 5-7 mm long.

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

7.05

No adaptation for water dispersal. (1) Achenes turbinate, hispidulous, ca. 4 mm long; pappus of numerous white bristles, 5-7 mm long.

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

7.06

(1) Achenes turbinate, hispidulous, ca. 4 mm long; pappus of numerous white bristles, 5-7 mm long.

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

7.07

Unknown (1) Achenes turbinate, hispidulous, ca. 4 mm long; pappus of numerous white bristles, 5-7 mm long. (2) The spread of many composites is aided by specialized structures on the fruit which facilitate dispersal by wind or animal (e.g., bristlelike papi that become attached or lodged in fur or clothing)

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483. (2) Staples, G. S. H., D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

7.08

no evidence of consumption

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

8.01

Unknown (1) Achenes turbinate, hispidulous, ca. 4 mm long; pappus of numerous white bristles, 5-7 mm long.

(1) Acevedo-Rodriquez, P. (2005). Vines and climbing plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Smithsonian Institution Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Washington DC, National Museum of Natural History. 51: 1-483.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown


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