Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Poranopsis paniculata


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -5


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.

Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Poranopsis paniculata (Roxb.) Roberty (Porana paniculata, bridal bouquet, bridal-bouquet, snow creeper, Christma vine, snow-in-the-jungle, white corallita)

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-5

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

no evidence

1.02

Rare escape from cultivation in Florida

Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville

1.03

no evidence

2.01

Distributional range:
Native:
ASIA-TEMPERATE
China: China - Xizang [s.w.]
ASIA-TROPICAL
Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India [n.]; Nepal; Pakistan [n.e.]
Indo-China: Myanmar [n.]
Other: widely cultivated in tropics

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Poranopsis+paniculata (14 July 2004)

2.02

2.03

0-2000 m

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

2.04

Distributional range:
Native:
ASIA-TEMPERATE
China: China - Xizang [s.w.]
ASIA-TROPICAL
Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India [n.]; Nepal; Pakistan [n.e.]
Indo-China: Myanmar [n.]
Other: widely cultivated in tropics

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Poranopsis+paniculata (14 July 2004)

2.05

(1) Florida, Puerto Rico;(2) Hawaii; (3) "Poranopsis paniculata is grown as an ornamental in many tropical places, including S Yunnan." (4)South Africa

(1) USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
(2) http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/thumbnails/html/poranopsis_paniculata_thumbnails.htm
(3) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=126540 (4)http://www.gardeningeden.co.za/climbers2guide3.html

3.01

Rare escape from cultivation in Florida

Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

no evidence

4.01

no description of these traits

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

no evidence

4.05

no evidence

4.06

Porana paniculata : Cercospora poranae: India [no known economic importance]

Pseudocercospora poranae: India [no known economic importance]

Farr, D.F., Rossman, A.Y., Palm, M.E., & McCray, E.B. (n.d.) Fungal Databases, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved July 14, 2004, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/

4.07

no evidence

4.08

climber but don't know if present in dry habitats

4.09

(1) "Full sun" (2) "Partial shade"

(1) http://www.gardeningeden.co.za/climbers2guide3.html
(2) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_MG097

4.1

(1) "Various soils, forests, thickets, scrub, open plains, often around human habitation"(2) "Requires regular watering. Fertile, moist and well-draining soil. Spring application of complete fertiliser."

(1) http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf(2) http://www.gardeningeden.co.za/climbers2guide3.html

4.11

"Liane to 9 m long."

http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/02-nov-dec.htm

4.12

no evidence

5.01

"Various soils, forests, thickets, scrub, open plains, often around human habitation"

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

5.02

climber, Convolvulaceae

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

5.03

no evidence

5.04

"Climbers"

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

6.01

no evidence

6.02

no other known means of natural propagation

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

"Flowers (4–)5–6(–7) mm. Sepals lanceolate-linear, flat or concave, equal, 1–2 mm, tomentosevillous abaxially. Fruiting calyx tan, reddish, or pale brown, loosely clasping; outer 3 sepals elliptic-oblong to narrowly ovate, 1.6–2.2(–2.4) cm × 7–9 mm, puberulent, margin free. Corolla white to cream, narrowly funnelform; limb (3–)5–7 mm in diam., 5-lobed. Stamens included, ± equal; filaments glabrous. Disc absent or ringlike. Ovary glabrous. Style obsolete; stigma subsessile."[flower small, no evidence of adaptation to specialist pollinators]

6.06

no evidence

6.07

Slow growing.

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/riograndeornamentals/vines.html

7.01

no evidence

7.02

"Cultivated for its dense masses of white flowers."

http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/02-nov-dec.htm

7.03

no evidence

7.04

Fruit papery, indehiscent. Seed 1, smooth. [seed too large and heavy for effective wind dispersal; appears to be gravity dispersed]

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

7.05

Fruit papery, indehiscent. Seed 1, smooth. [if growing near flowing water, fruit could potentially float]

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

7.06

"Fruit tan to brownish with darker lines, globose-ellipsoid, 5-6(-7) X 4-5 mm, pubescent, apiculate. Seeds dark brown, globose-ellipsoid, 4-6 X 3-5 mm, glabrous. "; "Fruit papery, indehiscent. Seed 1, smooth." [dry fruit]

http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf

7.07

fruit small and pubescent but no means of attachment

7.08

dry fruit, not ingested

8.01

(1) "Fruit tan to brownish with darker lines, globose-ellipsoid, 5-6(-7) X 4-5 mm, pubescent, apiculate. Seeds dark brown, globose-ellipsoid, 4-6 X 3-5 mm, glabrous. "; "Fruit papery, indehiscent. Seed 1, smooth."
(2) "produces a profusion of very small white flowers in dense clusters" [dense cluster of small flowers, one seed per fruit]
(3) picture of a flowering branch showing dense inflorescence [only one seed per fruit]

(1) http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/mss/volume16/Convolvulaceae.published.pdf(2) http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/riograndeornamentals/vines.html (3)http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/600max/html/starr_990105_2927_poranopsis_paniculata.htm

8.02

no evidence

8.03

no evidence

8.04

no evidence

8.05

no evidence


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