Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Thespesia grandiflora (Montezuma speciosissima); maga

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

y

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

4

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Source

Notes

1.01

no evidence

1.02

no evidence

1.03

no evidence

2.01

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36523 (13 June 2002)

Distributional range:
Native: Southern America: Puerto Rico
Other: cult. elsewhere in neotropics

2.02

2.03

(1)http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf (2)Little and Wadsworth. Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. US Department of Agriculture.

(1)lowland, subtropical humid forest (2)Limestone forest in coastal areas

2.04

(1)USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36523 (13 June 2002) (2)Little and Wadsworth. Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. US Department of Agriculture.

(1)Distributional range:
Native: Southern America: Puerto Rico
Other: cult. elsewhere in neotropics (2)Endemic to Puerto Rico, not native to Mexico or South America

2.05

(1)USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36523 (13 June 2002) (2)http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf (3)

(1)cult. elsewhere in neotropics (2)Florida, Hawai‘i, Honduras, and Carribean Islands

3.01

no evidence

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

http://www.fleppc.org/01list.htm

Thespesia populnea is an invasive species of Florida

4.01

Stahl A. (1936) Estudios sobre la flora de Puerto Rico . 2. ed. Publicaciones de la Federal emergency relief administration, San Juan de Puerto Rico. p.138

smooth tree

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

no evidence

4.05

no evidence

4.06

http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

host for important cotton pest (Pectinsphora gossypiella)

4.07

no evidence

4.08

unlikely, it is a small tree of open forest

4.09

no evidence

4.1

http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

many soil conditions

4.11

Stahl A. (1936) Estudios sobre la flora de Puerto Rico . 2. ed. Publicaciones de la Federal emergency relief administration, San Juan de Puerto Rico. p.139

tree 10-15m

4.12

no evidence

5.01

terrestrial

5.02

tree; Malvaceae

5.03

no evidence

5.04

tree

6.01

no evidence

6.02

http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

fresh seeds should be germinated immediately to avoid reduction in germination rate (rate reduced to 20% after 2 months)

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

no evidence

6.06

no evidence

6.07

(1)C. Criley, UH Department of Horticulture, personal communication (2)http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

(2)first flowers 5-10 years

7.01

no evidence

7.02

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36523 (13 June 2002)

"cultivated elsewhere in neotropics."

7.03

no evidence

7.04

Stahl A. (1936) Estudios sobre la flora de Puerto Rico . 2. ed. Publicaciones de la Federal emergency relief administration, San Juan de Puerto Rico. p.139

fruit a capsule, 5 cm long.

7.05

http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

natural distribution does not include the coast

7.06

http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

bird dispersed

7.07

Stahl A. (1936) Estudios sobre la flora de Puerto Rico . 2. ed. Publicaciones de la Federal emergency relief administration, San Juan de Puerto Rico. p.139

fruit a capsule, 5 cm long.

7.08

bird dispersed

8.01

(1)Stahl A. (1936) Estudios sobre la flora de Puerto Rico . 2. ed. Publicaciones de la Federal emergency relief administration, San Juan de Puerto Rico. p.139 (2)http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

(1)fruit a capsule, 5 cm long. [large fruit] (2) 1-12 seeds per fruit

8.02

(1)http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf (2)(2)Little and Wadsworth. Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. US Department of Agriculture.

(1)fresh seeds should be germinated immediately to avoid reduction in germination rate (rate reduced to 20% after 2 months) (2) Seeds loose viability within a month

8.03

no evidence

8.04

http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/Thespesiagrandiflora.pdf

probably -- produces many basal shoots

8.05

no evidence