Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Jasminum polyanthum


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: High risk, score: 10


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Jasminum polyanthum Franch. Family - Oleaceae. Common Names(s) - 多花素馨, duo hua su xin, pink jasmine, Chinese evergreen jasmine. Synonym(s) - Jasminum blinii H. Léveillé; Jasminum delafieldii H.Léveillé .

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

1

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

1

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

1.5

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

3

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

1.5

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

10

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence.

 

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to China - Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan [Yunnan is called "Yun" or "Dian" for short, located at latitude between 21°8'32" and 29°15' 8'' N and longitude between 97°31'39'' and 106°11'47''E…possibly ranging into subtropics]

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20670 [Cited 2009 March 13].

2.02

(1) Native to China - Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20670 [Cited 2009 March 13].

2.03

(1) Valleys, thickets, woods; 1400-3000 m.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

2.04

(1) Naturalized in New Zealand. (2) Naturalizing along the trail at Manukā State Park between 550 and 610 m elevation.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20670 [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/publications/op96.pdf#page=36 [Cited 2009 March 13].

2.05

(1) Jasminum polyanthum is intensively propagated commercially and sold as a houseplant in the early spring. It is also cultivated in gardens.

(1) http://www.jstor.org.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/stable/pdfplus/4117820.pdf [Cited 2009 March 13].

3.01

(1) Naturalized in New Zealand. (2) Naturalizing along the trail at Manukā State Park between 550 and 610 m elevation.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20670 [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/publications/op96.pdf#page=36 [Cited 2009 March 13].

3.02

(1) Garden escapee into New Zealand forests.

(1) Sullivan J.J., Timmins S.M., Williams P.A. 2005. Movement of exotic plants into coastal native forests from gardens in northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 29 (1): 1-10.

3.03

No evidence.

 

3.04

(1) "Climbs rapidly into the tree canopy and covers vegetation at all levels, blocking light and restricting growth. Weight may bring down trees. Potentially a serious weed in rainforests and along creeklines. (2) Environmental weed in New Zealand forests.

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) Sullivan J.J., Timmins S.M., Williams P.A. 2005. Movement of exotic plants into coastal native forests from gardens in northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology. 29 (1): 1-10.

3.05

(1) Jasminum dichotomum is one of Florida's most invasive weeds. Jasminum fluminense is also one of Florida's most invasive weeds.

(1) http://www.se-eppc.org/pubs/ww/jasminumWinter2000.pdf [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.01

(1) No spines, thorns or burrs.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1) No evidence of toxicity to animals in PubMed. (2) No evidence of toxicity.

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search[cited 2009 March 13].

4.06

No evidence of Jasminum being an host of a pathogen new to the area. (1) Cucumber mosaic virus was reported on Jasminum polyanthum in Denmark. A new virus infection for the country. (2) CMV has a wide range of hosts and attacks a great variety of vegetables, ornamentals, and other plants (as many as 191 host species in 40 families). In Hawaii, CMV occurs on honohono grass.

(1) http://web.ebscohost.com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=13&sid=bb342aff-eb0c-4a2a-aede-a2d5b8d45812%40SRCSM1&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lah&AN=19841395377 [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/crop/type/cucvir.htm [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.07

(1) Clusters of white flowers are highly allergenic to some people.

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.08

Unknown

4.09

(1) Sun, partial shade. [also establishes in forest, suggesting potential shade tolerance of seedlings]

(1) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/MG/MG09700.pdf [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.10

(1) Soil pH requirements: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic), 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral), 7.6 to 7.8 (mildlyalkaline). (2)fertile well drained soil

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1639/ [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2)http://www.burncoose.co.uk/site/plants.cfm?pl_id=2387&fromcategory=cat_id%3D20000

4.11

(1) Vines woody, twining.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

4.12

(1) Vines woody, twining.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

5.01

(1) Woody vine; terrestrial.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

5.02

(1) Oleaceae

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

5.03

(1) Oleaceae

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

5.04

(1) No underground storage units.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

6.01

No evidence.

 

6.02

(1) Seeds are rarely produced in New Zealand. (2) Most cultivated Jasminum are known from clones and seeds are rarely produced. (3)Spreads by runners and self seeds. I'm forever pulling it up out of the ground in my yard [California]

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press. (3)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/1639/

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1) In the Jasminium genus, flowers on the same plant are self-incompatible.

(1) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.05

(1) In this pollination study, Jasminum fruticans was visted or pollinated by 28 insect taxa of: short-tongued Hymenoptera, long-tongued Hymenoptera, bumblebees, bee flies, hawkmoths and butterflies. (2) Flws heterostylous; cal. Small; corolla salver-shaped.

(1) Thompson, J. (2001). "How do visitation patterns vary among pollinators in relation to floral display and floral design in a generalist pollination system?" Oecologia 126(3): 386-394. (2) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

6.06

(1) Jasminum spreads mainly vegetatively by layering and suckering from the roots.

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13].

6.07

Unknown

7.01

(1) Dispersal includes the dumping of garden plants.

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13].

7.02

(1) Jasminum polyanthum is intensively propagated commercially and sold as a houseplant in the early spring. It is also cultivated in gardens.

(1) Green P.S. 1997. A revision of the pinnate-leaved species of Jasminum. Studies in the genus Jasminum (Oleaceae): XV. Kew Bulletin. 52 (4): 933-947.

7.03

Not likely to be spread as a produce contaminant. (1) Jasminum spreads mainly vegetatively by layering and suckering from the roots.

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13].

7.04

No adaptation for wind dispersal. (1) Fruit: black berry, subglobose, 6-11 mm in diameter.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

7.05

No adaptation for water dispersal. (1) Fruit: black berry, subglobose, 6-11 mm in diameter.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

7.06

(1) Fruit: black berry, subglobose, 6-11 mm in diameter.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

7.07

No adaptation for external attachment. (1) Fruit: black berry, subglobose, 6-11 mm in diameter.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

7.08

(1) Fruit: black berry, subglobose, 6-11 mm in diameter.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=210000882 [Cited 2009 March 13].

8.01

(1) Seeds are rarely produced in New Zealand. (2) Most cultivated Jasminum are known from clones and seeds are rarely produced.

(1) http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.asp [Cited 2009 March 13]. (2) Staples, G. W., Herbst, D.R. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Honolulu, Bishop Museum Press.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown


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