Haplophragma adenophyllum (Wall. ex G. Don) Dop Family - Bignoniaceae. Common Names(s) - karenwood. Synonym(s) - Fernandoa adenophylla.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

y

-1

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

0

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)A species of southeast Asia ranging from Burma to Malaysia, H. adenophyllum is cultivated occasionally elsewhere in the tropics.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

2.02

2.03

(1)A species of southeast Asia ranging from Burma to Malaysia, H. adenophyllum is cultivated occasionally elsewhere in the tropics.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

2.04

(1)A species of southeast Asia ranging from Burma to Malaysia, H. adenophyllum is cultivated occasionally elsewhere in the tropics.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

2.05

(1)H. adenophyllum is a handsome, small- to medium-sized tree up to 15 m height and 50 cm dbh, native to India and Bangladesh and hardly known elsewhere.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameh.htm [Accessed 20 Oct 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameh.htm [Accessed 20 Oct 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameh.htm [Accessed 20 Oct 2008]

3.05

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameh.htm [Accessed 20 Oct 2008]

4.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.04

Unknown (1)Only two native species of tree, Boswellia (about 2’ tall) and Haplophragma (5-8” tall) were seen in a highly degraded state on the top hill site of unprotected hill. [Haplophragma present despite being in area unprotected from cattle grazing. Possibly unpalatable]

(1)Sharma, K.P. and B.P. Upadhyaya. K.P. 2002. Phytosociology, primary production and nutrient retention in herbaceous vegetation of the forestry arboretum on the Aravalli hills at Jaipur. Tropical Ecology 43(2): 325-335.

4.05

Unknown

4.06

(1)Pests recorded Insects: Hyblaea puera (teak defoliator) Psilogramma menephron

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

4.07

Unknown

4.08

Unknown

4.09

Unknown

4.10

(1) Luna (1996) states that it is reported to do well on sandy, semi-arid, saline and alkaline soils, and in gullies and ravines.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

4.11

(1)H. adenophyllum is a handsome, small- to medium-sized tree up to 15 m height and 50 cm dbh,

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

4.12

Unknown

5.01

Terrestrial

5.02

Bignoniaceae

5.03

Bignoniaceae

5.04

(1)H. adenophyllum is a handsome, small- to medium-sized tree up to 15 m height and 50 cm dbh,

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

6.02

(1) It is usually propagated by seed; although branch cuttings will sprout, the percentage of rooted cuttings is low

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1)bat-pollinated (2)Chiropterophily occurs mainly in genera with cauliflorous (e.g. Crescentia) or flagelliflorous inflorescences (Kigelia) or stiff inflorescences overtopping the canopy (e.g. Oroxylum, Fernandoa). [Fernandoa is a synonym for Haplophragma].

(1)van der Pijl, L., 1956. Remarks on pollination by bats in the genera Freycinetia, Duabanga, and Haplophragma, and on chiropterophilly in general. Acta bot. neerl. 5: 135–144. (2)Kadereit, J.W. 2004. Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae Including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

6.06

(1)Root suckers will come up profusely.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

6.07

Unknown

7.01

Large pods and seeds with no means of external attachment (1)Capsule linear, terete with 8 slightly raised, longitudinal ridges, spirally twisted, 55-100 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide…seeds flat, 0.8-1.1 cm long and 3.4-3.7 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranous.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.02

Not widely planted [see 2.05]

7.03

No evidence, and relatively large pods and seeds unlikely to accidentally contaminate produce (1)Capsule linear, terete with 8 slightly raised, longitudinal ridges, spirally twisted, 55-100 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide…seeds flat, 0.8-1.1 cm long and 3.4-3.7 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranous.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.04

(1)seeds flat, winged

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.05

Unknown if large seed capsules will float

7.06

Not fleshy-fruited (1)seeds flat, winged

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.07

Large pods and seeds with no means of external attachment (1)Capsule linear, terete with 8 slightly raised, longitudinal ridges, spirally twisted, 55-100 cm long and 1.5-2 cm wide…seeds flat, 0.8-1.1 cm long and 3.4-3.7 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranous.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and Alwyn H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.08

Unknown

8.01

Unknown

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown