Guzmania lindenii (André) Mez. Family - Bromeliaceae. Common Names(s) -. Synonym(s) - NA.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

2+

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

7

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)native to the Andean regions of northern and central Peru at elevations of well over a mile.

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

2.02

2.03

(1)Being of tropical origin, they should be kept in a moist, and warm atmosphere away from frosts, and cold winds. (2)Guzmnias are intolerant of lower temperatures, which is a problem only at higher elevations in Hawai`i.

(1)http://www.cloudjungle.com/epibook/Canistrum.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2008] (2)Staple, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

2.04

(1)native to the Andean regions of northern and central Peru at elevations of well over a mile.

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

2.05

(1)No evidence (2)G. lindenii is rare in cultivation and in the wild. It is not known to be naturalized anywhere else in the world.

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR. (2)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

3.01

(1)Originally located by the Hawaiian Trail and Mountain Club during a scheduled hike on the Bowman trail (Kalihi Valley), G. lindenii was noted in only one population near the summit ridge at about 800 m elevation, within about a 20 m radius, in lowland wet Ohi‘a forest. About 150 plants (a conservative estimate) were observed in all size classes, mostly epiphytic but some terrestrial, occasionally forming dense coverings on branches. Four mature plants were found, all growing on or near the ground level, each weighing roughly 20 pounds. It is possible that plants were weighing down branches, ending up on the ground by the time they were mature.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

3.04

In early stages of naturalization, but species could have potential to suppress native epiphytic cover (1)Due to the potential for further environmental impact in Hawai‘i, as well as its rarity here, this species is a good candidate for addition to the state noxious weed list.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

3.05

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

4.01

(1)Some, mainly from high up in the Andes, consist mainly of long, strap-like, spineless leaves, which usually go to a point at the tips. [Guzmania genus]

(1)http://www.cloudjungle.com/epibook/Canistrum.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1)Mostly epiphytic

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1)No evidence of toxicity in genus

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1)No evidence from cultivation

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

4.08

(1)unlikely given succulent wet forest habitat

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

4.09

(1)We can grow this species in a shady, cool to warm atmosphere. Always try to keep the atmosphere moist.

(1)http://www.cloudjungle.com/epibook/Canistrum.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

4.10

(1)It prefers a peaty , acid soil . It doesn't like lime . A mixture of garden soil, peat and sand would be the ideal one. (2)pH Range: 5.5 to 7

(1)http://www.botanical-online.com/florguzmaniaangles.htm [Accessed 17 Nov 2008] (2)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pda_62bc-3.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

4.11

(1)About 150 plants (a conservative estimate) were observed in all size classes, mostly epiphytic but some terrestrial, occasionally forming dense coverings on branches. [smothering epiphytic habit]

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

4.12

(1)Mostly epiphytic

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

5.01

Terrestrial epiphyte

5.02

Bromeliaceae

5.03

Bromeliaceae

5.04

(1)Mostly epiphytic

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

6.02

(1)Mature plants in this population were heavily set with fruits, and we estimate one plant can produce greater than 30,000 seeds per inflorescence.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1)Due to the heavy fruit set it is likely this population is self-fertile (2)numerous Guzmania species are self-pollinated.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. (2)Kubitzki, K., K.U. Kramer, P.S. Green, J. G. Rohwer, V. Bittrich, H. Huber, J. W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey. 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

6.05

(1)This species is likely moth or nectar feeding bat pollinated in its native range, but are self-fertile as well. (2)numerous Guzmania species are self-pollinated.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. (2)Kubitzki, K., K.U. Kramer, P.S. Green, J. G. Rohwer, V. Bittrich, H. Huber, J. W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey. 1998. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.

6.06

(1)This plant can be reproduced from new shoots springing from the base of an adult plant . To do this, we will carefully separate the new offspring below the roots that kept it to the main plant and we will plant it in a new pot. It is necessary to maintain it in a warm place and to provide the necessary humidity . After some days, it will have been acclimatized and we will possess a new guzmania sample. This method becomes necessary to perpetuate the species when a plant has definitively flourished and it will begin to dry off in short.

(1)http://www.botanical-online.com/florguzmaniaangles.htm [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

6.07

(1)Don’t expect the bromeliad to flower right away. It can take a few years for the plant to reach mature blooming size.

(1)http://www.plant-care.com/bromeliad-guzmania-rana-growing-reblooming.html [Accessed 17 Nov 2008]

7.01

(1)Fruit a dehiscent capsule. Seeds with straight basal tuft of hairs [possible that hairs may stick to clothing, fur or feathers]

(1)Staple, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

7.02

(1)Ornamental

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

7.03

(1)The fruit is a capsule, containing small seeds with a brown plumose appendage, which are easily wind dispersed.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

7.04

(1)Fruit a dehiscent capsule. Seeds with straight basal tuft of hairs.

(1)Staple, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

7.05

(1)Probably not, given epiphytic nature of plant

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timper Press. Portland, OR.

7.06

(1)Fruit a dehiscent capsule. Seeds with straight basal tuft of hairs.

(1)Staple, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

7.07

(1)Fruit a dehiscent capsule. Seeds with straight basal tuft of hairs [possible that hairs may stick to clothing, fur or feathers]

(1)Staple, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

7.08

(1)Fruit a dehiscent capsule. Seeds with straight basal tuft of hairs.

(1)Staple, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

8.01

(1)Mature plants in this population were heavily set with fruits, and we estimate one plant can produce greater than 30,000 seeds per inflorescence.

(1)Lau, A. and D. Frohlich. (in prep.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown [no information on control of this species]

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown