Crateva religiosa G. Forst. Family - Capparaceae. Common Names(s) - Spider Tree, Sacred garlic pear, three-leaved caper. Synonym(s) - Crateva unilocularis Buchanan-Hamilton.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

4+

-1

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

0

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Distributed throughout Nepal to about 1500 m in open, rocky places; also in northern India, southeastern China, and Indo-China.

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

2.02

(1)Distributed throughout Nepal to about 1500 m in open, rocky places; also in northern India, southeastern China, and Indo-China.

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

2.03

(1)Climatic amplitude (estimates):
- Altitude range: 0 - 600 m
- Mean annual rainfall: 1200 - 5000 mm
- Rainfall regime: summer; uniform
- Dry season duration: 0 - 7 months
- Mean annual temperature: 20 - 32ºC
- Mean maximum temperature of hottest month: 24 - 36ºC
- Mean minimum temperature of coldest month: 16 - 26ºC
- Absolute minimum temperature: > 0ºC (2)It grows best in tropical regions but can also be induced to grow in the subtropics where it is generally slow.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (2)Jones, D. L. 1986. Ornamental Rainforest Plants in Australia. Reed Books Pty. Ltd. Frenchs Forest, Australia.

2.04

.

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

2.05

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 20 Feb 2009]

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 20 Feb 2009]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 20 Feb 2009]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 20 Feb 2009]

3.05

(1)Checklist of weeds in the Darwin Coastal bioregion that are not considered a problem (minor weeds) [includes Crateva adansonii subsp. axillaris Sacred Garlic Pear or Temple Plant) [no evidence of serious impacts]

(1)http://www.landmanager.org.au/view/373023/checklist_of_weeds_in_the_darwin_coastal
_bioregion_that_are_not_considered_a_problem_minor_weeds.html [Accessed 20 Feb 2009]

4.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

4.02

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

4.04

(1)The plant is lopped for fodder. (2)Table 5.3. Important woody plants consumed by elephants in Sri Lanka. [includes C. religiosa] (3)Table 3.5. C. religiosa eaten by chital or spotted deer in dry and wet season

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (2)Sukumar, R. 1993. The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (3)Putman, R. 1988. The Natural History of Deer. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY.

4.05

(1)The plant is lopped for fodder [no evidence of toxicity to animals]

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

4.06

(1)Pests recorded
Insects:
Bactrocera neohumeralis
Cecidomyiella crataevae
Neolasioptera crutwellae
Fungus diseases:
Aecidium crataevae (2)Crateva religiosa (no apparent reason)—a beautiful tree relatively free from troubles.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (2)Jim, C. T. 1986. Street trees in high-density urban Hong Kong. Journal of Arboriculture 12(10): 257-263.

4.07

(1)Tender leaves and buds are boiled and squeezed to lessen the bitterness. They are prepared as a vegetable or pickle [no evidence of toxicity to humans]

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

4.08

(1)In riverine forest, swamp forest and on forest edges. [unlikely] (2)The young leaves of (8)kum bok (Crateva religiosa), a common tree grown in flooded paddy fields are edible after soaking with rice-water and salt.

(1)http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.FLORA.FZ471&pgs= [Accessed 20 Feb 2009] (2)Prachaiyo, B. 2000. Farmers and Forests: A Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand. Southeast Asian Studies 38(3): 271-446.

4.09

(1)Full sun (2)Full sun to semi-shade

(1)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (2)http://www.toptropicals.com/cgi-bin/garden_catalog/cat.cgi?family=Capparidaceae [Accessed 23 Feb 2009]

4.10

(1)Soil descriptors:
- Soil texture: light; medium; heavy
- Soil drainage: free; impeded; seasonally waterlogged
- Soil reaction: acid; neutral
- Special soil tolerances: shallow

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

4.11

(1)Deciduous tree about 15 m high.

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

4.12

(1)No evidence

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

5.01

(1)Terrestrial

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

5.02

(1)Capparaceae

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

5.03

(1)Capparaceae

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

5.04

(1)Deciduous tree about 15 m high.

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

6.02

(1)Propagated by seeds.

(1)Manandhar, S. 2002. Plants and People of Nepal. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1)Protandry and self-compatibility are common…[unknown for Crateva religiosa]

(1)Kubitzki, K., K.U. Kramer, P.S. Green, J. G. Rohwer, V. Bittrich, H. Huber, J. W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey. The families and genera of vascular plants. Springer. Berlin, Germany.

6.05

(1)The nectar-filled flowers are attractive to a multitude of insects and birds. The pierid butterfly (Hebomoia glaucippe) is a frequent visitor to this plant. (2)This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds

(1)http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Crateva-religiosa [Accessed 23 Feb 2009] (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/71196/ [Accessed 23 Feb 2009]

6.06

(1)- Ability to sucker; regenerate rapidly

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

6.07

(1)First seeds: 11-over 20 years

(1)http://www.landmanager.org.au/view/302784/fire-responses-of--crateva-religiosa.html [Accessed 23 Feb 2009]

7.01

(1)No means of external attachment.

(1)Stebbins, M. 1999. Flowering Trees of Florida. Pineapple Press Inc., Sarasota, FL.

7.02

(1)Descriptors: agroforestry; amenity; ornamental (2)Common ornamental and sacred plant.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (2)Hanelt, P., R. Büttner, Rudolf Mansfeld and Ruth Kilian. 2001. Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

7.03

(1)No evidence.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

7.04

(1)The fruit is a large, spotted berry that is one to two inches in diameter and contains seed about one-quarter inch long.

(1)Stebbins, M. 1999. Flowering Trees of Florida. Pineapple Press Inc., Sarasota, FL.

7.05

(1)In riverine forest, swamp forest and on forest edges. [distribution suggest fruit could float, but no information found on fruit buoyancy] (2)The young leaves of kum bok (Crateva religiosa), a common tree grown in flooded paddy fields are edible after soaking with rice-water and salt.

(1)http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.FLORA.FZ471&pgs= [Accessed 20 Feb 2009] (2)Prachaiyo, B. 2000. Farmers and Forests: A Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand. Southeast Asian Studies 38(3): 271-446.

7.06

(1)The fruit is a large, spotted berry that is one to two inches in diameter and contains seed about one-quarter inch long.

(1)Stebbins, M. 1999. Flowering Trees of Florida. Pineapple Press Inc., Sarasota, FL.

7.07

(1)No means of external attachment.

(1)Stebbins, M. 1999. Flowering Trees of Florida. Pineapple Press Inc., Sarasota, FL.

7.08

(1)The fruit is a large, spotted berry that is one to two inches in diameter and contains seed about one-quarter inch long.

(1)Stebbins, M. 1999. Flowering Trees of Florida. Pineapple Press Inc., Sarasota, FL.

8.01

(1)Trees 3–15 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h...Fruit ovoid to obovoid, 1.8–2.6[–3.5] cm; pericarp 5–10 mm thick, apically scabrous and gray to dust-colored with nearly circular ash-yellow flecks; stipe 2.5–3 mm in diam., thickened, woody. Seeds 25–30 per fruit, dark brown, 1.2–1.8 cm, tuberculate. [unlikely given fairly large fruit and seed size]

(1)Mingli, Z. and G. C. Tucker. Capparaceae. Available from www.foc.org/china/mss/volume07/Capparaceae.pdf [Accessed 23 Feb 2009]

8.02

(1)Storage Behaviour: Orthodox p Storage Conditions: Viability maintained for at least 10 months (Dent, 1948); viability maintained up to 3 years in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979) [no evidence from field conditions]

(1)Liu, K., Eastwood, R.J., Flynn, S., Turner, R.M., and Stuppy, W.H. 2008. Seed Information Database (release 7.1, May 2008) http://www.kew.org/data/sid

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown