Cleistocactus baumannii (Lemaire) Lemaire. Family - Cactaceae. Common Names(s) - Firecracker Cactus, Scarlet Bugler. Synonym(s) - Cleistocactus aureispinus (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

-2

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

y

-1

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

2

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-4

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press. Portland, OR,

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Distribution: Argentina : Paraguay : Bolivia : Uruguay (South America) (2)indigenous to eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is not dependable hardy outside zones 10 and 11.

(1)http://cactiguide.com/cactus/?genus=Cleistocactus&species=baumannii [Accessed 03 Nov 2008] (2)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press. Portland, OR,

2.02

2.03

(1)Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) (2)indigenous to eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is not dependable hardy outside zones 10 and 11.

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/95059/ [Accessed 03 Nov 2008] (2)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press. Portland, OR,

2.04

(1)Distribution: Argentina : Paraguay : Bolivia : Uruguay (South America) (2)indigenous to eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is not dependable hardy outside zones 10 and 11.

(1)http://cactiguide.com/cactus/?genus=Cleistocactus&species=baumannii [Accessed 03 Nov 2008] (2)Riffle, R.L. 1998. The Tropical Look. An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press. Portland, OR,

2.05

(1)This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Phoenix, Arizona San Marino, California Henderson, Nevada (2)The Scarlet Bugler is one of the most popular, easiest to grow species of Cleistocactus. (3)Introduced to Australia

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/95059/ [Accessed 03 Nov 2008] (2)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Cleistocactus_baumannii.html [Accessed 05 Nov 2008] (3)Randall, R.P. 2007. The introduced flora of Australia and its weed status. CRC for Australian Weed Management. Glen Osmond, Australia.

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

3.05

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

4.01

(1)Danger: Plant has spines or sharp edges; use extreme caution when handling

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/95059/ [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

4.02

No evidence [grows with other plants] (1)This is one of a small number of cacti that inhabit the very hot lowlands on the eastern side of the Andes. These relatively flat areas are dominated by thorny trees and scrub, beneath which the cacti grow.

(1)http://www.brownreference.com/php/PDFS/AN_Title_Information/469---Sample_Spreads.pdf [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

4.04

Fruit edible, but unknown if vegetative parts are palatable

4.05

No evidence (1)Based on 70 stomachs examined, species of cacti were the major winter food item consumed (Mayer and Brandt, 1982). These included Cleistocactus baumannii, Eriocerceus sp., Opuntia discolor, and 0. canina.

(1)Mayer, J.J. and Ralph M. Wetzel. 1986. Catagonus wagneri. Mammalian Species, No. 259: 1-5.

4.06

(1)Prone to mealy bugs, spider mites and scale.

(1)http://www.plantcare.com/encyclopedia/scarlet-bugler-397.aspx [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

4.07

Popular ornamental with no evidence of toxicity or allergies (1)The Scarlet Bugler is one of the most popular, easiest to grow species of Cleistocactus….The pink fruit is edible without any special preparation.

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Cleistocactus_baumannii.html [Accessed 05 Nov 2008]

4.08

Grows in hot, dry areas, but no evidence that this succulent species increases fire hazard or risk (1)This is one of a small number of cacti that inhabit the very hot lowlands on the eastern side of the Andes. These relatively flat areas are dominated by thorny trees and scrub, beneath which the cacti grow.

(1)http://www.brownreference.com/php/PDFS/AN_Title_Information/469---Sample_Spreads.pdf [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

4.09

(1)Sun Exposure: Full Sun to Partial Shade (2)Ideal sun exposure: Full sun or sunny

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/95059/ [Accessed 03 Nov 2008] (2)http://www.talens.nl/cactiinfo/encyclopaedia/c/cleistocactus/baumannii.html [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

4.10

(1)This cactus is grown in rich soil with adequate water in full sunlight.

(1)http://www.talens.nl/cactiinfo/encyclopaedia/c/cleistocactus/baumannii.html [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

4.11

Somewhat viney habit, but no evidence that it smothers other plants (1)The stems of this species start off by growing upright, but soon begin to flop over, reflecting their habit of seeking support from low-growing bushes and other surrounding vegetation. (2)Seed/Plant Notes:Viny clumping cactus with stems up to 4ft long 1.2 inches in diameter with black spines. One of the easiest and most popular to grow cleistocactus species.

(1)http://www.brownreference.com/php/PDFS/AN_Title_Information/469---Sample_Spreads.pdf [Accessed 03 Nov 2008] (2)http://www.thecactusseed.com/index.php/store/cactus-seeds/cleistocactus-baumannii-firecracker-cactus-20-seeds.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

4.12

No evidence [grows with other plants] (1)This is one of a small number of cacti that inhabit the very hot lowlands on the eastern side of the Andes. These relatively flat areas are dominated by thorny trees and scrub, beneath which the cacti grow.

(1)http://www.brownreference.com/php/PDFS/AN_Title_Information/469---Sample_Spreads.pdf [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

5.01

Terrestrial

5.02

Cactaceae

5.03

Cactaceae

5.04

Cactaceae

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

6.02

(1)Propagation Methods: From woody stem cuttings Allow cut surface to callous over before planting From seed; direct sow after last frost

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/95059/ [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1)Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) Lem. Reproduction: self-sterile. [Table 1]

(1)Ross, R. 1981. Chromosome Counts, Cytology, and Reproduction in the Cactaceae. American Journal of Botany 68(4): 463-470.

6.05

(1)Putative pollinator: Hummingbird [Table 1]

(1)Scogin, R. 1985. Nectar Constituents of the Cactaceae. The Southwestern Naturalist 30(1): 77-82.

6.06

(1)The stems of this species start off by growing upright, but soon begin to flop over, reflecting their habit of seeking support from low-growing bushes and other surrounding vegetation. [No evidence that plants spread vegetatively]

(1)http://www.brownreference.com/php/PDFS/AN_Title_Information/469---Sample_Spreads.pdf [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

6.07

(1)The seed-grown plant bloomed when less than two years old (2)Flowering time from seed: 4–5 years.

(1)Mauseth, J.D., R. Kiesling and C. Ostolaza. 2002. A Cactus Odyssey: Journeys in the Wilds of Bolivia, Peru, and Argentina. Timber Press . Portland, OR. (2)http://www.brownreference.com/php/PDFS/AN_Title_Information/469---Sample_Spreads.pdf [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

7.01

No means of external attachment (1)Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, red with white pulp.

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

7.02

(1)Ornamental

(1)Wiersema, J.H. and B. León. 1999. World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL.

7.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 03 Nov 2008]

7.04

(1)Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, red with white pulp.

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

7.05

No evidence that propagules are buoyant (1)Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, red with white pulp.

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

7.06

(1)Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, red with white pulp.

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

7.07

No means of external attachment (1)Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, red with white pulp.

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

7.08

(1)Fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, red with white pulp.

(1)Britton, N.L. and J. N. Rose. 1920. The Cactaceae: Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. The Carnegie institution of Washington. Washington, D.C.

8.01

Unknown [probably not]

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown