Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A. Gray) Small. Family - Euphorbiaceae. Common Names(s) -rattle snake weed. Synonym(s) - Euphorbia albomarginata Torr. & A. Gray.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

?

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

y

1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

1

1

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

3

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to Northern America: United States: Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, California, Utah; Northern Mexico: Baja California, Tamaulipas (subtropical distribution)

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?456129 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

2.02

(1) Native to Northern America: United States: Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, California, Utah; Northern Mexico: Baja California, Tamaulipas (subtropical distribution)

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?456129 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

2.03

(1) Occurs < 2300 m.

(1) http://seinet.asu.edu/seinet/symbiota/taxa/taxaprofile.php?taxon=1116&cl=Seven%20Springs [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

2.04

(1) Native to Northern America: United States: Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas, California, Utah; Northern Mexico: Baja California, Tamaulipas (subtropical distribution)

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?456129 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

2.05

Unknown

3.01

Unknown

3.02

Unknown

3.03

Unknown

3.04

Unknown

3.05

(1) Chamaesyce nutans is considered a weed and invasive in parts of the United States.

(1) http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CHNU9 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

4.01

(1) No spines, thorns or burrs.

(1) Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas, Austin.

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas, Austin.

4.04

(1) Sheep rarely or never graze on the plant.

(1) Phillips, R. L., N. K. McDougald, et al. (1996). "Plant Preference of Sheep Grazing in the Mojave Desert." Rangelands 18(4): 141-144.

4.05

(1) No evidence in PubMed. (2) No evidence in Toxnet.

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez [Accessed 2009 Jan 29]. (2) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1) Used internally by North American Indians for a variety of illnesses. (2) No evidence in PubMed. (3) No evidence in Toxnet.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?id=tg_bPUzhJ9oC&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=chamaesyce+albomarginata
+%2B+%22weed%22&source=web&ots=t48gy6GIGO&sig=j2GVn8V8YxZSI1gbhFGudYyV7wE&hl=en&sa=
X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPT61,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29] (2) .http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez [Accessed 2009 Jan 29]. (3) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

4.08

(1) Prostrate perennial, forming dense, low mats.

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

4.09

Unknown

4.10

(1) Usually occurs in poorly drained clay soils.

(1) Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas, Austin.

4.11

(1) Prostrate perennial, forming dense, low mats.

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

4.12

(1) Prostrate perennial, forming dense, low mats.

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

5.01

(1) Terrestrial

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

5.02

(1) Euphorbiaceae

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

5.03

(1) Perennial herb.

(1) Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas, Austin.

5.04

(1) Perennial herb with taproot.

(1) Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. University of Texas, Austin.

6.01

No evidence.

6.02

(1) Produces viable seed.

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. (1976). "Reproductive Biology of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)." American Journal of Botany 63(4): 406-413.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1) Self-compatible

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. (1976). "Reproductive Biology of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae)." American Journal of Botany 63(4): 406-413.

6.05

(1) Pollinated by flies, wasps, beetles and bees.

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

6.06

Unknown

6.07

(1) Perennial that flowers in the first season.

(1) Ehrenfeld, J. G. (1979). "Pollination of Three Species of Euphorbia Subgenus Chamaesyce, with Special Reference to Bees." American Midland Naturalist 101(1): 87-98.

7.01

Unknown

7.02

No evidence.

7.03

Not a produce contaminant.

7.04

(1) Fruit 3-angled capsule 2-5 mm glabrous.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?id=SRU8v_1glgsC&pg=RA1-PA286&lpg=RA1-PA286&dq=chamaesyce+albomarginata+%2B+%22seed%22&source=bl&ots=
574w5y8vuw&sig=xScpC61l2VUldX1GfORKpSET2dQ#PRA1-PA287,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

7.05

(1) Fruit 3-angled capsule 2-5 mm glabrous. Common to dry slopes.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?id=SRU8v_1glgsC&pg=RA1-PA286&lpg=RA1-PA286&dq=chamaesyce+albomarginata+%2B+%22seed%22&source=bl&ots=
574w5y8vuw&sig=xScpC61l2VUldX1GfORKpSET2dQ#PRA1-PA287,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

7.06

Unknown

7.07

(1) Fruit capsule, 2-2.5 mm, ovoid, 3-angled, glabrous; Seed 1-2 mm, oblong, smooth, white. No means of attachment.

(1) http://seinet.asu.edu/seinet/symbiota/taxa/taxaprofile.php?taxon=1116&cl=Seven%20Springs [Accessed 2009 Jan 29].

7.08

Unknown

8.01

Unknown

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

unknown