Caesalpinia crista L. Family - Fabaceae. Common Names(s) - Gray nicker . Synonym(s) - Caesalpinia nuga (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

y

1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

y

1

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

7

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Distribution: Archipelago, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Taiwan.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

2.02

(1)Distribution: Archipelago, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Taiwan.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

2.03

(1)Hardiness: USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) [climate for C. bonduc, with similar distribution to C. crista]

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/75920/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

2.04

(1)Distribution: Archipelago, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Taiwan.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

2.05

(1)Distribution: Archipelago, Australia, Cambodia, China, India, Malay Peninsula, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Taiwan.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

3.01

(1)Family: Fabaceae Group: Dicot Native Status: Not Native, Naturalized [but see ref. 2] (2)Native to Malaysia. Escaped from cultivation. Not collected since 1928. (3)Previously known from only one cultivated collection in Hawai‘i, this plant was found climbing up to 13 m in Eucalyptus trees, as well as smothering ground-level vegetation, occupying approximately 200 square meters of alien forest.

(1)http://www.regionalconservation.org/ircs/database/plants/PlantPage.asp?TXCODE=Caescris [Accessed 17 Aug 2009] (2)Wunderlin, R. P. and B. F. Hansen. 2003. Guide to the Vascular Plants of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. (3)Frohlich, D. and A. Lau. 2008. New plant records from Oahu for 2007. Pp. 3-12 in N. L. Evenhuis & L. G. Eldredge. (eds.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 1-55.

3.02

(1)Listed as a weed by multiple sources, but no information found on control efforts or impacts from species.

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/caesalpinia_crista/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

3.03

(1)Listed as a weed by multiple sources, but no information found on control efforts or impacts from species.

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/caesalpinia_crista/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

3.04

(1)Listed as a weed by multiple sources, but no information found on control efforts or impacts from species.

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/caesalpinia_crista/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

3.05

(1)Caesalpinia decapetala…The plant is invasive because it forms dense, impenetrable thickets and climbs over shrubs and trees, impeding their growth and regeneration.

(1)Weber, E. 2003. Invasive Plant Species of the World: A Reference Guide to Environmental Weeds. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK.

4.01

(1)A glabrous, scandent, prickly shrub or small tree. Leaves bipinnate, compound, c 15-25 cm long, stipulate, stipule caducous.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

4.02

(1)Ecology: In village thickets, along streams, river banks, mangrove forest and its fringes, coastal areas along seashore and on sandy beaches. [a thicket-forming, climber, scrambler but no evidence in literature of allelopathy] (2)Occurs on landward margins of mangroves, river banks, chalk rocks, limestone, rarely on littoral rocks or on sandy beaches. Flowering occurs all year round. Mangrove associate species.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109. (2)Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ag132e/ag132e06.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

4.03

(1)A glabrous, scandent, prickly shrub or small tree. Leaves bipinnate, compound, c 15-25 cm long, stipulate, stipule caducous. [no evidence]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

4.04

(1)Liana, 5-20 m long, with leaves up to 30 cm long, that are twice divided into leaflets, often with obscure, minute leaflets at the base of the leaf stalk. Branches are prickly, at least partially. The main leaf mid-rib is thorny, while the 2-6 pairs of primary leaflets have an unarmed or sparingly prickly mid-rib, 2.5-12 cm long. [no evidence that plant is eaten by or is unpalatable to browsing animals, but the thorns probably deter most browsing]

(1)Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ag132e/ag132e06.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

4.05

(1)Seeds are used as marbles by children, and are also used to treat malaria and parasitic worms. Leaves are used to treat Hepatitis A. [no evidence that chemicals are toxic to browsing animals] (2)Caesalpinia spp. In general are listed to have toxic seeds. Mode- eaten. Toxic principle-tannins. Causes only low toxicity if eaten.

(1)Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ag132e/ag132e06.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug 2009] (2)http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/Caesasp.htm [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1)Seeds are used as marbles by children, and are also used to treat malaria and parasitic worms. Leaves are used to treat Hepatitis A. [no evidence that regular contact with plant causes allergies or is toxic] (2)Caesalpinia spp. In general are listed to have toxic seeds. Mode- eaten. Toxic principle-tannins. Causes only low toxicity if eaten.

(1)Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/ag132e/ag132e06.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug 2009] (2)http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/poison/Caesasp.htm [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

4.08

(1)Ecology: In village thickets, along streams, river banks, mangrove forest and its fringes, coastal areas along seashore and on sandy beaches. [a thicket-forming, climber, scrambler, could possibly increase fire risk in drier coastal areas]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

4.09

(1)Sun Exposure: Full Sun, Sun to Partial Shade [information on related species with similar ecology and habitat] (2)Gray nicker bean is intolerant of shade and is usually open-grown or at least grows in broken sunlight.

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/75920/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2009] (2)http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Caesalpinia%20bonduc.pdf [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

4.10

(1)Soil pH requirements: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral) 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/75920/ [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

4.11

(1)A glabrous, scandent, prickly shrub or small tree. Leaves bipinnate, compound, c 15-25 cm long, stipulate, stipule caducous. (2)A climber to 15 m (3)Caesalpinia crista L. is a liana climbing to 10 m, with glossy branchlets more or less armed with recurved prickles.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109. (2)Tomlinson, P. B. 1995. The botany of mangroves. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. (3)Li, S-J., Zhang,D-X., Li,L., and Chen,Z-Y. 2004. Pollination ecology of Caesalpinia crista (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Acta Bot.Sin.46: 271–278.

4.12

(1)Ecology: In village thickets, along streams, river banks, mangrove forest and its fringes, coastal areas along seashore and on sandy beaches. (2)In thickets along and near the seashore.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109. (2)http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kalumbibit.html [Accessed 17 Aug 2009]

5.01

(1)Terrestrial [although dispersed b y water]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

5.02

(1)Fabaceae

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

5.03

(1)Depsite belonging to Fabaceae, no evidence of nodulation in species

(1)Ng, A. Y. S. & Billy C. H. Hau. 2009. Nodulation of native woody legumes in Hong Kong, China. Plant Soil 316: 35–43.

5.04

(1)A glabrous, scandent, prickly shrub or small tree. Leaves bipinnate, compound, c 15-25 cm long, stipulate, stipule caducous.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

6.02

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1)The flowering phenology, pollination ecology and breeding system of Caesalpinia crista L. were studied in Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China. The species started blooming in February or March, then last till late April. It took about one week from first flower appearance to its full blooming, which lasted for 2-4 d. The pollen-ovule ratio was 18 000~500. The breeding system was self-incompatible, and protogynous xenogamy. Hymenoptera constituted the major group of pollinators. The pollination type is ambophily, the species could be pollinated by wind if the pollinators were unavailable: this is the first record of ambophily in the genus Caesalpinia. The floral structure adaptation to the pollinating behavior of carpenter bees was described. The influences of artificial treatments in pollination biological studies on the flowering and fruiting of the plants were also discussed.

(1)Li, S-J., Zhang,D-X., Li,L., and Chen,Z-Y. 2004. Pollination ecology of Caesalpinia crista (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Acta Bot.Sin.46: 271–278.

6.05

(1)The flowering phenology, pollination ecology and breeding system of Caesalpinia crista L. were studied in Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China. The species started blooming in February or March, then last till late April. It took about one week from first flower appearance to its full blooming, which lasted for 2-4 d. The pollen-ovule ratio was 18 000~500. The breeding system was self-incompatible, and protogynous xenogamy. Hymenoptera constituted the major group of pollinators. The pollination type is ambophily, the species could be pollinated by wind if the pollinators were unavailable: this is the first record of ambophily in the genus Caesalpinia. The floral structure adaptation to the pollinating behavior of carpenter bees was described. The influences of artificial treatments in pollination biological studies on the flowering and fruiting of the plants were also discussed.

(1)Li, S-J., Zhang,D-X., Li,L., and Chen,Z-Y. 2004. Pollination ecology of Caesalpinia crista (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Acta Bot.Sin.46: 271–278.

6.06

(1)Propagation by seeds and cutting [unknown if liana will root when in contact with ground, as other Caesalpinia spp. are capable of doing] (2)Caesalpinia crista L. is a liana climbing to 10 m, with glossy branchlets more or less armed with recurved prickles.

(1)http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kalumbibit.html [Accessed 17 Aug 2009] (2)Li, S-J., Zhang,D-X., Li,L., and Chen,Z-Y. 2004. Pollination ecology of Caesalpinia crista (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae). Acta Bot.Sin.46: 271–278.

6.07

Unknown

7.01

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped. [no means of external attachment]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

7.02

(1)Economic importance: The root is considered as diuretic. Roasted seeds, root and the juice of the stem are applied both externally and internally for treatment of eye diseases (Bor and Raizada 1954). Ethnobotanical information: In India, the plant is used as the host of ‘lac insect’ and the finely powdered form of leaves is administered to women as a tonic just after delivery (Caius 1989).

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

7.03

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped. [no evidence, and seed pods relatively large, unlikely to be accidentally dispersed in produce]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

7.04

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped.

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

7.05

(1)Ecology: In village thickets, along streams, river banks, mangrove forest and its fringes, coastal areas along seashore and on sandy beaches. (2)The mid tidal zone along the creeks is greatly influenced by intermediate salinity and tidal action and largely colonized by A. ilicifolius, A. corniculatum, A. cucullata, A. officinalis, Caesalpinia crista L., D. heterophyla, E. agallocha, H. fomes, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L., S. caseolaris and Tamarix troupii Hole. (3)Table 2. Drift seeds and fruit collected on Raine Island and estimated number per 100 m length of beach. Viability assessed by germination following scarification or by treatment in tetrazolium. [viable C. crista seed collected on beach]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109. (2)Nibha GUPTA, Srilekha MISHRA and Uday Chand BASAK. 2009. MICROBIAL POPULATION IN PHYLLOSPHERE OF MANGROVES GROW IN DIFFERENT SALINITY ZONES OF BHITARKANIKA (INDIA). Acta Botanica Malacitana 34: 1-5. (3)Hacker, J. B. 1990. Drift Seeds and Fruit on Raine Island, Northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Biogeography 17(1): 19-24.

7.06

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped. [not fleshy fruited]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

7.07

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped. [no means of external attachment]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

7.08

Unknown

8.01

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped. [few-seeded pods]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

8.02

(1)Pods rhombic-elliptic in outline, c 4.0-7.0 × 2.5-3.5 cm, indehiscent, turned blackish when dry. Seeds 1 or 2 per pod, rounded to ovate or kidney shaped. [probably yes, as hard seeded legume with seeds tolerant of exposure to salt water]

(1)B.M. REZIA KHATUN AND MOHAMMAD OLIUR RAHMAN. 2006. TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE GENUS CAESALPINIA L. (CAESALPINIACEAE) FOR BANGLADESH. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 13(2): 93-109.

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown