Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated? (If answer is 'no' then go to question 2.01)

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

y

-2

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

-2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

4.05

Toxic to animals

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

5.01

Aquatic

n

0

5.02

Grass

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

n

0

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

2

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y

1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

Total score:

-3

Notes

Reference

1.01

No evidence

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to Central and South America (2)Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

(1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast (2)http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/index.php?page=results&genus=Bunchosia
&PHPSESSID=02dab2a04aebaffd57a1cb7d2ed87196&
order=species&rpno=1&intPerPage=25

2.02

2.03

(1)specimens collected in Central and South America, from 09°26'20"N to 12°56'12"S, and from 20 - 300 m, 08°42'00"N to 1900 - 2500 m, 00°23'S (2)USDA Zone 10a-11

(1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast#meso (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/102568/

2.04

(1) Native to Central and South America (2)Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela

(1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast (2)http://fm1.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/index.php?page=results&genus=Bunchosia
&PHPSESSID=02dab2a04aebaffd57a1cb7d2ed87196&
order=species&rpno=1&intPerPage=25

2.05

(1)This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:Brandon, Florida, Mulberry, Florida, Houston, Texas, Longview, Washington (2) Cultivated in California (3)commonly cultivated

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/102568/ (2)http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/peanut_butter_fruit.htm (3)http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+argentea+cultivation

3.01

(1)Not listed in Global Compendium of Weeds

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/

3.02

No evidence

http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameb.htm

3.03

No evidence

http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameb.htm

3.04

No evidence

http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameb.htm

3.05

Naturalization is not evidence of weediness. (1)Bunchosia cornifolia listed as "naturalized" in Galapagos (2)Bunchosia glandulifera,,,,,,,,Australian Naturalised

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/references/introduced0007/ (2)http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/global/australia/ger.html

4.01

No evidence of such structures.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+argentea+description&btnG=Search

4.02

No evidence

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+argentea+allelopathy&btnG=Search

4.03

No evidence

4.04

No evidence

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+leaf+palatability&btnG=Google+Search

4.05

No evidence

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+toxicity

4.06

(1)No evidence (2)Bunchosia glandulifera, a related species, is not documented to harbour disease or insect pests.

(1)http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+argentea+pathogens (2)Groves et al. 2003. Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.

4.07

(1)No evidence (2)Bunchosia glandulifera, a related species, is not documented to be toxic.

(1)http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Bunchosia+argentea+toxicity (2)Groves et al. 2003. Weed Categories for Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Management. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.

4.08

No evidence

4.09

(1)Sun Exposure:Full Sun, Sun to Partial Shade (2)The tree likes full sun but can take some shade. (3)Part shade is best as it is a rainforest tree.

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/102568/ (2)http://www.fruitlovers.com/fruittreedescriptions.html (3)http://heartgarden.com.au/description.asp?id=136

4.1

(1)Soil pH requirements:6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic); 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral); 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline) (2)Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8 (3)All the species will thrive well in any light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/102568/ (2)http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/B/Bunchosia_argentea.asp (3)http://www.botanicus.org/primeocr/botanicus3
/b12030272/31753000734738/31753000734738_0665.txt

4.11

No evidence. (1)Ornamental greenhouse evergreen shrubs

(1)http://www.factopia.com/b/bunchosia_gardening.html

4.12

Don't know.

5.01

(1)Category:
Edible Fruits and Nuts
Shrubs
Trees
Tropicals/Tender Perennials

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/102568/

5.02

Malpighiaceae

5.03

Malpighiaceae

5.04

No evidence of such structures.

6.01

No evidence

6.02

(1)Propagation: By seed.

(1)http://www.tradewindsfruit.com/peanut_butter_fruit.htm

6.03

No evidence

6.04

No evidence. (1) Related species, Bunchosia mcvaughii and B.palmeri, are monostylous hermaphrodites, suggesting self-compatibility in the genus. (2). Bunchosia macrophylla, a related species from Costa Rica, is a hermaphrodite, suggesting self-compatibility in the genus.

(1) Bullock, S.H. 1985. Breeding Systems in the Flora of a Tropical Deciduous Forest in Mexico. Biotropica 17(4): 287-301. (2)Bawa, K.S. et al. 1985. Reproductive Biology of Tropical Lowland Rain Forest Trees. I. Sexual Systems and Incompatibility Mechanisms. American Journal of Botany 72(3): 331-345.

6.05

No evidence. (1) Bunchosia macrophylla, a related species in Costa Rica, is pollinated by small to medium-sized bees.

(1) Bawa, K.S. et al. 1985. Reproductive Biology of Tropical Lowland Rain Forest Trees. II. Pollination Systems. American Journal of Botany 72(3): 346-356.

6.06

Don't know. (1)Cuttings of ripened shoots will root in sand under a bell glass, in moist bottom heat, taking several weeks to do so. Good drainage is essential, both in striking cuttings and in the cultivation of the plants. [no evidence of natural reproduction]

(1)http://www.factopia.com/b/bunchosia_gardening.html

6.07

(1)Time to fruit: 2-3 yrs (2)Trees are fast growing and bear fruit in 2 to 3 years. (3)They grow quickly and produce from their first year. (4)The plant is quick growing and fruit is produced when the plant is still quite young, usually one to two years old.

(1)http://www.organicfarm.net/l_p_content.htm (2)http://www.fruitlovers.com/fruittreedescriptions.html (3)http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/newsletter/february2002.htm (4)http://heartgarden.com.au/description.asp?id=136

7.01

No evidence. Large-seeded tree without mechanisms for unintentional dispersal.

7.02

(1) Edible fruit. The rich, sweet flesh has a texture similar to peanut butter. The fruit can be eaten fresh or made into milk shakes.

(1)http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/fruit%20pages/peanut.htm

7.03

Probably not. Large-seeded species unlikely to be unintentionally mixed with produce.

7.04

(1) The dark-red to dark-orange fruit is the size of a quail egg and needs to be picked every day as they spoil quickly on the tree.

(1)http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/newsletter/february2002.htm

7.05

Propagules not adapted for water dispersal.

7.06

Fleshy, red fruit. (1) The dark-red to dark-orange fruit is the size of a quail egg and needs to be picked every day as they spoil quickly on the tree. (2)This attractive tree has clusters of yellow flowers that are followed by an abundance of edible dark red fruit to around 2.5cm long (3). Related species with similar fruit: Bunchosia cornifolia, listed as being dispersed by birds and mammals.

(1)http://www.daleysfruit.com.au/newsletter/february2002.htm (2)http://heartgarden.com.au/description.asp?id=136. (3)http://striweb.si.edu/esp/tesp/plant_species.htm

7.07

No evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment.

7.08

No evidence, although the fleshy, red fruit suggests adaptations for some form of internal vertebrate seed dispersal. (1) Bunchosia biocellata, a related species from Costa Rica, has seeds that were "probably dispersed by extinct megafauna".

(1) Janzen, D.H. and P.S. Martin. 1982. Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate. Science 215(4528): 19-27.

8.01

No evidence

8.02

Don't know

8.03

Don't know

8.04

"Our tree froze to the ground during the freeze of Dec.'89 but produced heavily the second summer after the freeze. " [resprout following traumatic removal/death of above ground parts]

http://www.echotech.org/mambo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=101

8.05

No biological control agents present in Hawaii