Bauhinia binata risk assessment

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

Bauhinia binata

RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -1

Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

	Bauhinia binata	Answer	Score
1.01	Is the species highly domesticated?	n	0
1.02	Has the species become naturalized where grown?	n
1.03	Does the species have weedy races?	n
2.01	Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”	2
2.02	Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2	2
2.03	Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)	y	1
2.04	Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates	y	1
2.05	Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2	y
3.01	Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05	n	-2
3.02	Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)	n	0
3.03	Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)	n	0
3.04	Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)	n	0
3.05	Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)	y	2
4.01	Produces spines, thorns or burrs	n	0
4.02	Allelopathic	n	0
4.03	Parasitic	n	0
4.04	Unpalatable to grazing animals
4.05	Toxic to animals	n	0
4.06	Host for recognized pests and pathogens	n	0
4.07	Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans	n	0
4.08	Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems
4.09	Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle	y	1
4.1	Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)	y	1
4.11	Climbing or smothering growth habit	y	1
4.12	Forms dense thickets	n	0
5.01	Aquatic	n	0
5.02	Grass	n	0
5.03	Nitrogen fixing woody plant	n	0
5.04	Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)	n	0
6.01	Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat	n	0
6.02	Produces viable seed.	y	1
6.03	Hybridizes naturally
6.04	Self-compatible or apomictic
6.05	Requires specialist pollinators	n	0
6.06	Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation	n	-1
6.07	Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1		0
7.01	Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)	n	-1
7.02	Propagules dispersed intentionally by people	y	1
7.03	Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant	n	-1
7.04	Propagules adapted to wind dispersal	n	-1
7.05	Propagules water dispersed	n	-1
7.06	Propagules bird dispersed	n	-1
7.07	Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)	n	-1
7.08	Propagules survive passage through the gut
8.01	Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)	n	-1
8.02	Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)
8.03	Well controlled by herbicides
8.04	Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire
8.05	Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)
	Total score:		-1

Supporting data:

	Notes	Reference
1.01	No evidence
1.02	No evidence of naturalization
1.03	No evidence
2.01	Occurs from SE Asia through Malesia to Australia, in coastal far-northern N.T. and north-eastern Qld.	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
2.02	(1)Introduced to Florida and Hawaii. (2)Introduced to Christmas Island.	(1)http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/search.php?searchtype=parish&category =dicot&majorarea=&family=Fabaceae&genus=Bauhinia&sp1=binata (2)http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/publications/pubs/cimp2.pdf#search= %22%22Bauhinia%20binata%22%20weed%7Cinvasion%7Cinvasive%7Cinvader%22
2.03	Hardy range 9B to 11 [Characteristic for Bauhinia spp in general].
2.04	Occurs from SE Asia through Malesia to Australia, in coastal far-northern N.T. and north-eastern Qld.	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
2.05	(1)Introduced to Florida and Hawaii. (2)Introduced to Christmas Island.	(1)http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/search.php?searchtype=parish &category=dicot&majorarea=&family=Fabaceae&genus=Bauhinia&sp1=binata (2)http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/publications/pubs/cimp2.pdf#search=%22%22 Bauhinia%20binata%22%20weed%7Cinvasion%7Cinvasive%7Cinvader%22
3.01	No evidence of naturalization in introduced range.
3.02	No evidence
3.03	No evidence
3.04	No evidence
3.05
4.01	No evidence of these structures.	Horticopia Professional. CD-ROM databasae. Version 4.0. 2001-2006. Horticopia Inc.
4.02	No evidence
4.03	No evidence
4.04	Don’t know
4.05	No evidence
4.06	Pests: none of major concern.	Horticopia Professional. CD-ROM databasae. Version 4.0. 2001-2006. Horticopia Inc.
4.07	No evidence
4.08	'Evergreen or briefly deciduous shrub or tree. [Insufficient evidence to make conclusion regarding being a fire hazard]	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
4.09	Exposure: Partial shade to partial sun to full sun.[Characteristic for Buhinia species in general].	Horticopia Professional. CD-ROM databasae. Version 4.0. 2001-2006. Horticopia Inc.
4.1	(1)Moderately salt tolerant. (2)The plant will grow in very dry soil. Suitable soil is well drained/ loamy, sandy or clay. The pH preference is an acidic to slightly alkaline soil [General characteristic of Bauhinia spp.].	(1)http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/TPSS/digest/lfon/lfon8.html#salt (2)Horticopia Professional. CD-ROM databasae. Version 4.0. 2001-2006. Horticopia Inc.
4.11	'Evergreen or briefly deciduous shrub or tree, sometimes climbing, to 7 m tall…'	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
4.12	No evidence
5.01	'Evergreen or briefly deciduous shrub or tree, sometimes climbing, to 7 m tall…'	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
5.02
5.03
5.04
6.01	' Pod oblong, commonly curved, woody to corky, 4–18 cm long, 2.5–4 cm wide, dark brown or black, indehiscent. Seeds 6–13, ±ovoid-rhomboid, truncate at hilar end, c. 11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, dark purple- or red-brown, shining. ... Occurs from SE Asia through Malesia to Australia, in coastal far-northern N.T. and north-eastern Qld.'	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
6.02	' Pod oblong, commonly curved, woody to corky, 4–18 cm long, 2.5–4 cm wide, dark brown or black, indehiscent. Seeds 6–13, ±ovoid-rhomboid, truncate at hilar end, c. 11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, dark purple- or red-brown, shining. ... Occurs from SE Asia through Malesia to Australia, in coastal far-northern N.T. and north-eastern Qld.' [Probably not - no evidence of sterility. Answered yes based on this reference of seed production].	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
6.03	Don’t know
6.04	Don’t know.
6.05	Bauhinias are pollinated by insects and have large coloured and scented flowers to attract the insects.	http://web.hku.hk/~lramsden/pollb.html
6.06	No evidence of vegetative spread in the wild.
6.07
7.01	No evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment.	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
7.02	Very showy flowers. [Rationale - yes- plant has ornamental value].	Horticopia Professional. CD-ROM databasae. Version 4.0. 2001-2006. Horticopia Inc.
7.03	Seeds 6–13, ±ovoid-rhomboid, truncate at hilar end, c. 11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, dark purple- or red-brown, shining. ' [Probably not - relatively large seeds. Also ornamental plant, no evidence of it being planted near produce crops].
7.04	Pod oblong, commonly curved, woody to corky, 4–18 cm long, 2.5–4 cm wide, dark brown or black, indehiscent. Seeds 6–13, ±ovoid-rhomboid, truncate at hilar end, c. 11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, dark purple- or red-brown, shining. ' [Probably not - relatively large seeds in indehiscent pods, no evidence of seeds have any adaptations for wind dispersal].	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
7.05	Probably not - no evidence of the species inhabiting waterways in its natural range.
7.06	Probably not - fruit an indehiscent pod.	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
7.07	Probably not - no evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment.
7.08	No evidence of ingestion. Don’t know if dispersed by ungulates.
8.01	Pod oblong, commonly curved, woody to corky, 4–18 cm long, 2.5–4 cm wide, dark brown or black, indehiscent. Seeds 6–13, ±ovoid-rhomboid, truncate at hilar end, c. 11 mm long, 6.5 mm wide, dark purple- or red-brown, shining. ' [Rationale - Probably not- relatively large seeds].	http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/abif/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=1867
8.02	No evidence regarding seedbank.
8.03	No evidence that the species is being controlled for.
8.04	Don’t know
8.05	Don’t know.

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This page created 23 December 2006