L., Solanaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: shan hu yin |
English: Jerusalem cherry, Madeira cherry, Madeira winter-cherry, false Jerusalem cherry, winter-cherry |
Habit: shrub
Description: "Erect shrubs up to 1.5 m tall, unarmed, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with simple or dendritic hairs on young growth, later glabrate. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptic to lanceolate, often 5-8 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, margins entire, often undulate, apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate and somewhat decurrent to petiole, petioles 5-12 mm long. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, solitary or few on short common peduncles 5-10 mm long, often leaf-opposed, pedicels ca. 1 cm long; calyx tubular, 2-3 mm long, the lobes long-triangular, 2-3 mm long; corolla white, rotate-stellate, ca. 1 cm long; stamens inserted near base of corolla tube; filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers oblong, ca. 2 mm long, opening by apical slits; ovary globose; style 1, erect, exceeding anthers; stigma terminal. Berries 1-2 developing per cyme, bright orangish red, succulent, globose, erect on pedicels, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, calyx somewhat enlarged. Self-compatible" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1274).
Habitat/ecology: "Forests and forest edges, riparian habitats. Where native, this plant is common in grassland, thickets, and disturbed places. Where invasive, it becomes abundant and forms dense patches that crowd out native plants and prevent the regeneration of shrubs and trees. Little is known on the ecology of this plant" (Weber, 2003; p. 408).
In Hawaii, "naturalized in disturbed sites in mesic forest, grassy pastures, along seasonal streams, and in open or shaded woods, 600-2,100 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1274).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "Probably native to eastern Argentina, but widely and early cultivated as an ornamental and now naturalized in many warm temperate and tropical areas worldwide" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1274).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1274) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1274) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1274)
Voucher cited: Hillebrand s.n. (BM) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1274) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 133)
Voucher cited: H. Brinon 10 (NOU) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Cultivated in China. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
introduced
cultivated |
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 220)
Ornamental. |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 188) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1249)
"Garden escape in and around hedgerows, plantations, remnant forest stands and shady waste places". |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013)
"Persistent after cultivation, ca. 1,000 m altitude". |
Control:
Physical: "Hand pull all but the largest plants (all year round). Leave on site to rot down.
Chemical: 1. Weed wipe (spring-autumn):
triclopyr 600 EC or Tordon Gold (333ml /L).
2. Spray small plants (spring-autumn): 2,4-D ester (70ml/10L).
3. Spray plants over 30 cm tall (spring-autumn): glyphosate (10ml/L) or Tordon
Gold (600ml/100L)" (Weedbusters New Zealand).