Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Sigesbeckia orientalis
L., Asteraceae
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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 13 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Siegesbeckia orientalis L.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Indian weed, nightshade, sigesbeckia, small yellow crown-beard, yellow crown-head

Fijian: senikata

French: herbe de Flacq

Maori (Cook Islands): kamika

Samoan: ‘a‘ami‘a

Tahitian: ‘ami‘a, amia, amiami

Tongan: kakamika

Wallisian: kakamika

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual herbs; stems erect, 20-100 cm tall, sometimes purplish, branches ascending-spreading, pseudo-dichotomously branching in upper part, densely or sparsely appressed short pubescent. Median cauline leaves chartaceous or thinly membranaceous, long petiolate, ovate-oblong to deltoid-ovate, 5-14 x 3-12.5 cm, apex short acuminate to acute, base truncate to cuneate or narrowed into winged petiole, margins irregularly obtuse-dentate, 3-nerved, irregularly lobulate on lower margin, densely short pubescent on both surfaces, glandular dotted beneath; upper leaves gradually smaller and narrower, short petiolate, oblong, obtuse, uppermost oblong lanceolate, subsessile. Heads many, 16-21 mm wide, peduncle 1-4.5 cm long, puberulous; involucral bracts 5, spreading, stipitate glandular pilose; ray corolla 1.5-2.5 mm long; disc corolla tubular, yellow, 1.5 mm long. Achenes 2.5-3.5 mm long, truncate, incurved, black, glabrous, 4-angled"  (Digital Flora of Taiwan).

"Many-branched annual herbs; stems 5-12 dm long.  Leaves deltate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-20 cm long, 0.6-9 cm wide, petioles 0.5-6 cm long, winged.  Involucral bracts 5, glandular pubescent, especially toward the tip.  Achenes 3-4 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 357).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in disturbed areas, 0-1,220 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 357).  In Fiji, "occurring from near sea level to about 900 m in dry areas, clearings, waste places, and gardens, along roadsides, and on open hillsides, often in some local abundance" (Smith, 1991; p. 269). In New Guinea, "a weed of cultivation and heavily-grazed pastures. Between 1200 and 2500 m." (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 78). In Tonga, "a plantation and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 267). In New Caledonia, "très répandu en clairières et lieux incultes mais rarement abondant" (MacKee, 1994; p. 37).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Old World. In most Pacific areas it gives every appearance of being an adventive, although it may have been an inadvertent aboriginal introduction (Smith, 1991; p. 269). "An aboriginal introduction, now becoming rare throughout Polynesia." (Whistler, 1988; p. 11)

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Voucher cited: Garber 604
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 67)
Voucher cited: Garber 604 (BISH)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands
Norfolk Island introduced
invasive
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 8)
"A weed of disturbed ground". Voucher cited: P.S. Green 1889 (K)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
‘Atiu Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Mangaia Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Ma‘uke Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Miti‘aro Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Rarotonga Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Lakemba Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 269-270)
Voucher cited: Seemann 263
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 269-270)
Vouchers cited: DA 10338, DA 10339, Greenwood 231, DA 8566, DA 9627, DA 9703, DA 11368, DA 10422, Gillespie 4177, DA 9506, DA 11180, DA 9656, DA 9878, DA 11074, DA 12231, Milne 414
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands
Mangareva (Gambier) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands
Mangareva (Gambier) Island introduced
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 25)
Vouchers cited: Agassiz 127 (GH), St. John 14895 (BISH), Fosberg 11093 (BISH)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Eiao Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Eiao Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence , S.P. Perlman & M. Teikiteetini 9353 (PAP), S.P. Perlman & J. Florence 10054 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Eiao Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 9212)
Taxon name on voucher: Sigesbeckia orientalis
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Fatu Hiva Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Fatu Hiva Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 6898 (PAP), J. Florence 8519 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: R.L. Oliver & P.A. Schäfer 3028 (PAP), K.R. Wood 6514 (PAP)
Adventice. Weeds of village and coconut plantations.
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 27739)
Taxon name on voucher: Sigesbeckia orientalis L.
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 27979)
Taxon name on voucher: Sigesbeckia orientalis L.
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Bora Bora Island   Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 18)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island   Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 18)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Raiatea (Havai) Island   Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 18)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Raiatea (Havai) Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1926) (voucher ID: PTBG 45110)
Taxon name on voucher: Sigesbeckia orientalis
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 79)
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5712 (PAP), J. Florence 5793 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11207 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rapa Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6295 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rapa Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1921) (voucher ID: PTBG 45118)
Taxon name on voucher: Sigesbeckia orientalis
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rurutu Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Rurutu Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1921) (voucher ID: PTBG 45121)
Taxon name on voucher: Sigesbeckia orientalis
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Tubuai Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 357)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaho‘olawe Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 357)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaua‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 357)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Lāna‘i Island introduced
invasive
Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 20)
Vouchers cited: Oppenheimer & J. Penniman H50613 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H120645 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Maui Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 357)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 357)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Ni‘ihau Island introduced
invasive
Wood, K. R. (2007) (p. 14)
Voucher cited: K.R. Wood 11864 (BISH, PTBG, US)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
O‘ahu Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 357)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Tarawa Atoll introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 32)
New Caledonia
Hunter Island
Île Hunter introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 37)
Voucher cited: Monzier in Veillon 6944 (NOU)
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands) introduced
invasive
Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Île Lifou introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 37)
Vouchers cited: Deplanche 802, MacKee 27190
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll) introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 37)
Voucher cited: Däniker 2035a
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Île Tiga introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 37)
Voucher cited: MacKee 45922
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Islands introduced
Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 379)
Très répandue en clairières et lieux incultes mais rarement abondante. Peut-être d'introduction ancienne.
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île Grande Terre introduced
invasive
Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île Grande Terre introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 37)
Vouchers cited: Védel s.n., Vieillard 802, MacGillivray s.n., Balansa 8, Cribs 953, MacKee 12528, MacKee 34773
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) introduced
invasive
Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 37)
Voucher cited: MacKee 13054
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands
Kermadec Islands introduced
invasive
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 226)
"Forest margins and clearings, coastal sites, riverbeds, pasture".
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands
Raoul Island introduced
abo. intro.
Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 95)
Not found since 1908.
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands
Raoul Island introduced
Sykes, W. R./West, C. J. (1996) (p. 459)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Babeldaob Island   Raulerson, L./Rinehart, A. F./Falanruw, M. C. (1996) (p. 25)
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago invasive
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 561)
Common weed in the gardens of the natives.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) invasive
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 78)
Mostly between 1200 and 2500 m.
Philippines
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands   Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 610)
In open waste places, fallow fields, etc., chiefly at medium altitudes, ascending to 2,100 m in Benguet.
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Island introduced
St. John, H. (1987) (p. 54)
Voucher cited: Fosberg & R. Clark 11298
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence & S. Waldren 11042 (PAP)
Adventice
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Western Samoa Islands   Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 11)
Uncommon per Whistler.
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
Ha‘apai Islands   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 9)
Voucher cited: Soakai 528
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
Tofua Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 9)
Voucher cited: Scarth-Johnson 93
Tonga
Tonga Islands
Tonga Islands introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 267)
"Throughout Tonga".
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 9)
Vouchers cited: Soakai 331, Soakai 912 (EI)
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 267)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15429
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 9)
Vouchers cited: Moseley s.n., Setchell & Parks 15613, Ilolahia 114, Soakai 175
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 267)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 15092, Yuncker 15258
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Vava‘u Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 9)
Voucher cited: Harvey s.n.
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Vava‘u Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 267)
Cited: Crosby.
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Vava‘u Island   Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 43)
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands
Wallis and Futuna Islands   Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 11)
Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Australia
Australia (continental)
Australia (continental)   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 337)
Australia
Australia (continental)
Queensland introduced
invasive
Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 7)
China
China
Hong Kong native
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 287)
In wasteland.
Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia (Republic of)   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 337)
New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand (country) introduced
invasive
abo. intro.
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 226)
"Forest margins and clearings, coastal sites, riverbeds, pasture".
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore (Republic of) uncertain if introduced
invasive
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 80)
Weed of uncertain origin
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Chile (Republic of)   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 337)
Taiwan
Taiwan Island
Taiwan Island   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 337)
Taiwan
Taiwan Island
Taiwan Island native
Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013)
"Widespread in waste fields at low elevations".
Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)
Mauritius Island   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 337)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Agalega Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 114)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Seychelles Islands introduced
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Sigesbeckia orientalis, please let us know.


Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute? Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)

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This page was created on 7 AUG 2002 and was last updated on 31 MAY 2011.