Sida rhombifolia L., Malvaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 13 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Sida microphylla Cav.

Common name(s): [more details]

Austral: brum, purum, purumu

Chamorro: escobilla, escobilla adumelon, escobilla apaka, escobilla dalili

Chinese: bai bei huang hua ren

Chuukese: sieunen, sioinen, siyóyinen

English: Cuba jute, Cuban jute, Paddy's lucerne, Queensland hemp, arrow-leaf sida, big Jack, bloom weed, broom weed, coffee bush, common sida, jelly leaf, rhomboid ilima, sida, teaweed

Fijian: mbariara, ndeni puaka, ndeni vuaka, ndenime, ndeniosa, nggavi ni lathoi, nggavi ni lawa, qawenilawe, thavuthindra

French: faux thé, herbe à balais

Kwara‘ae: mamafu‘ai

Mangarevan: kovai iva

Maori (Cook Islands): purūmu

Marquesan: hopa, kaepu, ouou, pou, puehu, puehu au va‘a va‘a, pulumi, tateavi

Nauruan: itsi

Niuean: mautofu, motofu

Palauan: keak

Pohnpeian: kahwinyotz, koiohnleng, koramahd, koyolung, oiohnleng

Samoan: mautofu

Spanish: angosacha, escoba, escoba negra, escobilla, huinar, malva

Tahitian: boromu, burume, burumi, koa, kovai iva, porumu, purūmu, purum, purumu, ta‘ano

Tongan: matala hoatā, te‘ehoosi, te‘ehosi

Tuamotuan: porumu

Wallisian: ma‘utofu, mautofu

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "An erect, semiwoody perennial 0.3 to 1.0 m tall with a strong taproot; stems branched, finely pubescent, woody when mature; leaves alternate, broadest in middle, diverse in size, 1 to 4 cm long, 0.5 to 2 cm wide; rhombic, rhombic-oblong to oblong, narrowed toward apex; obtuse to subcuneate at base; margins obscurely dentate, with teeth acute to rounded, pale green, stellate hairy beneath; stipules bristly, 1-nerved, linear-lanceolate, as long as petiole; inflorescence axillary, solitary flowers on slender pedicel, 2 to 3 cm long, jointed above middle; flower calyx green, cup-shaped, membranous, persistent, ridged at base, with stellate hairs and lobes terminating abruptly into elongated points; corolla of 5 pale yellow petals, 1.5 to 1.8 cm in diameter; fruit a schizocarp with 8 to 10 wrinkled or nearly smooth mericarps, each about 2.5 mm long, not awned, or with awns 1.5 mm long, wedge-shaped with rounded backs; seeds flattened, reniform, 1.25 to 2 mm long, dark brown.  The key characteristics of this weed are the semiwoody stem, stipuled leaves, jointed pedicel, and the persistent calyx surrounding the schizocarp"  (Holm et al., 1997; p. 771).

"Small, tough-stemmed shrub to 1 m tall, stellate-pubescent; stipules linear, 6-9 mm long; leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate, acute, serrate near the apex, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, 1.5-5 cm long, 7-22 mm wide, on petioles about 2-6 mm long (rarely longer); flowers 1 or 2 in in axils, pedicels 1-4 cm long; calyx-lobes deltoid apiculate, corolla yellow, about 6-10 mm wide, rotate; schizocarp nearly 1 cm broad; ripe carpels deltoid, apiculate, 8 or 10 or rarely to 12, stellate-pubescent dorsally, 2-lobed, about 3-4.5 mm long; seeds black"  (Stone, 1970; p. 415).

Habitat/ecology:  "A persistent, semiwoody weed common in pastures, roadsides, waste areas and short- and long-season crops through tropical and subtropical regions. [It] grows from sea level to 2000 m above sea level in many soil types and from fertile to degraded conditions.  Plants grow best in non-disturbed sites but are also found in cultivated land" (Holm et al., 1997; pp. 769, 771).  "Arrowleaf sida grows only in disturbed areas and in situations where overhead competition is controlled or naturally light. It is common in cultivated fields, pastures, abandoned farmland, roadsides, vacant lots, construction sites, landslides, and river overflow areas. It does not survive in tall grass swards, tall brushlands, and closed forests. Arrowleaf sida grows on both fertile and degraded soils of all textures and derived from most parent materials. It may be found growing from near sea level to 2,000 m in elevation (Holm and others 1997). In Puerto Rico, the species grows in areas receiving from 900 to 3000 mm of precipitation"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).

In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in disturbed areas, 0-1,240 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 898-899).  In Fiji, occurring from near sea level to an elevation of 900 m as an abundantly naturalized weed in waste places, gardens, pastures, coconut plantations, thickets, and clearings, along roadsides, and on open hillsides among reeds and ferns" (Smith, 1981; pp. 437-438).  "An abundant weed of plantations and waste places all over Niue although it is less common in the plantations of the forest interior.  It is a major nuisance in plantations because of the strong, almost woody stems and the firm root system" (Sykes, 1970; p. 117).  "Very common on roadsides, in plantations, and in sunny waste places, and is often a dominant species in these habitats" (Whistler, 1983; p. 56). In the Galápagos Islands, "principally along trails and in open habitats" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 690-691). In New Guinea, "a weed of roadsides, cultivation and pastures, where it may become dominant under heavy grazing. From low altitudes to 2000 m, widespread and common" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 123). In Tonga, "a common roadside and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 182).

Propagation:  Seed.  "The awned mericarps are spread by adhering to clothing and livestock, in mud on vehicles, and as contaminants in hay and seed crops" (Smith, 2002; pp. 40-41).  "The seeds are dispersed by water, farm machinery, ruminant animals, and in impure agricultural seed. Ants disperse the seeds in Africa (Holm and others 1997)"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).

Native range:  Unknown, now pantropical. "An aboriginal introduction to Western Polynesia" (Whistler, 1988; p. 30).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Voucher cited: Garber 1020
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 50) Voucher cited: Garber 1020 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island	introduced	Ragone, Diane/Lorence, David H. (2003) (p. 54)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 35354) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Voucher cited: Garber 1075
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 50) Voucher cited: Garber 1075 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. Field notes.)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) Vouchers cited: Garber 548, Harris 16, Harris 88, Harris 195, Yuncker 9144, Whistler 1381
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 50) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9144 (BISH), Garber 548 (BISH), W. Harris 16 (BISH), W. Harris 88 (BISH), W. Harris 195 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (year unknown) (voucher ID: PTBG 34598) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1991) (voucher ID: PTBG 9513) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 12) Vouchers cited: Whistler 3365, Bryan 930, Bryan 1370, Schultz 9
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 96)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Anon. (1988) (p. 3)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Setchell, William Albert (1924) (pp. 70-71)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced	Pickard, J. (1984) (p. 207)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 20) "A weed of wasteland etc.,". Vouchers cited: L.A.S. Johnson & A.N. Rodd 1208 (NSW), J. Pickard 2678 (NSW) J. Pickard 3464 (NSW), J.D. McComish 65 (K)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 9) "A weed of wasteland etc.,". Vouchers cited: G. Uhe 1226 (K), R.M. Laing (CHR)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33) Voucher cited: Fosberg 31421 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33) Vouchers cited: Moore 400 (US), Moore 403 (US), Marche 150 (P, Fo), Bosberg 31361 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1971) (voucher ID: PTBG 23438) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 1781 (US), Evans 2346 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165) Also var. microphylla.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1982) (voucher ID: PTBG 23437) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Pukapuka Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Alcedo, Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santiago Group	Santiago Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Etten Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Parem (Param) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Ulalu (Romonum) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 20) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Josekutty, P. C./Wakuk, E. E./Joseph, M. J. (2002) (p. 63)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1996) (voucher ID: PTBG 24883) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165) Also var. longipedicellata.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 68) Vouchers cited: Glassman 2462 (US), Glassman 2801 (US), Kanehira 1558 (NY)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 109) Vouchers cited: M.J. Balick 3841 (NY, PTBG), M.J. Balick 4100 (NY, PTBG), A. Dores 74 (NY, PTBG), A. Dores 182 (NY, PTBG), B. Ekiek 54 (BISH, NY, PTBG), E. Eperiam 34 (NY), F.R. Fosberg 26412a (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 58316 (BISH), R. Gallen 72 (NY, PTBG), R. Gallen 73b (NY), S.F. Glassman 2462 (BISH), S.F. Glassman 2801 (BISH), T. Hosokawa 5570 (BISH), R. Kanehira 1558 (BISH), F. Sohl 35 (NY, PTBG) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2006) (voucher ID: PTBG 34891) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 39144) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1990) (voucher ID: PTBG 22135) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 33537) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2000) (voucher ID: PTBG 42986) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 43646) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 43657) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 43658) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46670 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Gagil (Gagil-Tamil) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 517) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Voucher cited: Smith 297
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Voucher cited: Seeman 16
Fiji Fiji Islands	Moala Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Voucher cited: Bryan 316c
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Voucher cited: DA 5715
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Vouchers cited: DA 10471, Bierhorst F215
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Mbalavu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Voucher cited: DA 10234
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 437-438) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 98, Smith 4112, DA 10377, DA 10173, DA 9777, Smith 9446, DA 11447, DA 2830, DA 7043, DA 10021, DA 2638, DA 3368, DA 10571, Meebold 16535
French Polynesia Clipperton Island	Clipperton (Arue, Avera) Island		Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 93)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Agakauitai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Agakauitai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Akamaru Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Akamaru Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Aukena Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 19) Voucher cited: St. John 14627 (BISH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: St. John 14507 (BISH), St. John 14880 (BISH), Agassiz 114 (GH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Taravai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Taravai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Taravai Island	introduced invasive	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 19) Voucher cited: Quayle & Curtis 460 (BISH)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Totegegie Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Totegegie Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) subsp. rhombifolia. Voucher cited: J. Florence, S.P. Perlman & M. Teikiteetini 9354 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: B.G. Decker 1025 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1091 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1269 (PAP), B.G. Decker 1273 (PAP), M.-H. Sachet 2192 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1963) (voucher ID: PTBG 8442) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1975) (voucher ID: PTBG 8905) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: B. Toutain 4277 (PAP), J. Florence 4105 (PAP), J. Florence 8446 (PAP), B.G. Decker 2130 (PAP), B.G. Decker 2199 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: B.G. Decker 1483 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 12077 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 178) Voucher cited: BRY 25751
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence & R. Tahuaitu 11658 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maiao (Maiaoiti, Mauiti, Tupuaemanu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maiao (Maiaoiti, Mauiti, Tupuaemanu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 48) Voucher cited: Fosberg 64832 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5020 (PAP), J. Florence 2129 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 31) Voucher cited: Sachet 951 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 178) Vouchers cited: Moore 13, BRY 25751
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 3455 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 5231 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4034 (PAP), J. Florence 2263 (PAP), J. Florence 3919 (PAP), F.R. Fosberg 64995 (PAP), P.A. Savatier s.n. (PAP), J. Lépine 14 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 46) Voucher cited: Fosberg 54603 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai Island	introduced invasive	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 20) Vouchers cited: Sachet 1987 (US), Grant 4849 (BISH)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 2987 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 10117 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: M.-H. Sachet 1388 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Sachet 2054 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Tikehau (Tikahau) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 7104 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 5621 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence (legit J. Trichet) 6450 (PAP), N. Hallé 7584 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5534 (PAP), J. Florence 6109 (PAP), J. Florence 5958 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 415) Voucher cited: Stone 3791 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 23436) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	probably introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 898-899)
Japan (offshore islands) Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll		Chock, Alvin K./Hamilton, Jr., Dean C. (1962) (p. 5) Voucher cited: Bergman 18
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 27)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced invasive	Christophersen, Erling (1927) (pp. 26, 78) Voucher cited: Bergman 18
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 27)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced invasive	Christophersen, Erling (1927) (pp. 56, 78) In waste places at the settlement. Voucher cited: Bergman 87
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 76)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 77) Voucher specimens collected: Imada 2003-47 (BISH 697662); Imada 2003-71 (BISH 697686)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 21)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 167-168) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58621 (US), Scully 138N (US), Swarbrick 9575 (BRIU)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Walpole	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99) Voucher cited: Veillon 3373
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced invasive	Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 382) Rudérale, nombreuses localités
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99) Vouchers cited: Vieillard 139, Cribs 1165, MacKee 4315
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99) Voucher cited: Buchholz 1634
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Kermadec Islands	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 837) "A well-established and persistent local weed of pasture, lawn, and coastal sands and gravels".
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 114)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 117) Vouchers cited: CHR 170347, CHR 170353
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 30)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 38)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 81) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 10037 (BISH), Yuncker 10044 (BISH), Yuncker 10120 (BISH), Yuncker 10209 (BISH) "A common roadside and plantation weed".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 50)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 104)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 102)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1978) (voucher ID: BNM 10172) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L. var.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1950) (voucher ID: PTBG 21930) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngedbus (Ngedebus) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 518) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 164-165)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 98)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1967) (voucher ID: BNM 516) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Peleliu (Beliliou) Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 107)
Palau Rock Islands (Chelbacheb)	Ngerchong Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 108)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	invasive	Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 361) A widespread, common weed.
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island		Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 46)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	invasive	Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 123) From low altitudes to 2000 m, widespread and common.
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 65)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 35) A common weed in and about towns.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 41) Vouchers cited: St. John 14974, Fosberg & R. Clark 11227
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 244-246)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 10745 (PAP) Adventice
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 30)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced invasive	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 109)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced invasive	Shine, C./Reaser, J. K./Gutierrez, A. T., eds. (2003) (p. 166) Dominant invader.
Tokelau Tokelau Islands	Tokelau Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 96)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘ano Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 236) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42) Vouchers cited: Soakai 284, Soakai 523
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Tofua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42) Voucher cited: Scarth-Johnson 86
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 182) "Common throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42) Voucher cited: Soakai 373
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 182) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 15430, Yuncker 15540, Yuncker 15543
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 23739) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 42) Vouchers cited: Graeffe 1536, Setchell & Parks 15309, Lawrence 58, Efaureufe? 12?, Soakai 176, Soakai 441, Soakai 603, Soakai 608
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 182) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15118
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 349)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Tafahi Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 182) Voucher cited: Hürlimann 545
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 182) Cited: Crosby.
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 27)
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Tuvalu Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 96)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim (2000) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 990514-2 (BISH)
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Shine, C./Reaser, J. K./Gutierrez, A. T., eds. (2003) (p. 180)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis (‘Uvea) Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 36)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 30)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced invasive	Smith, Nicholas M. (2002) (pp. 40-41)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Smith, Nicholas M. (2002) (pp. 40-41)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 772)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 336)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 772)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 772)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 772)
China China	China (People's Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 100)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 186) subsp. rhombifolia and subsp. retusa Borss.
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 837) "A well-established and persistent local weed of pasture, lawn, and coastal sands and gravels".
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	uncertain if introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 80) Weed of uncertain origin
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 769)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 18)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 28)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38084) Taxon name on voucher: Sida rhombifolia L.
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 336)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Agalega Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 128) Voucher cited: Stoddart 7273b (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	D'Arros Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 23) Voucher cited: Gwynne & Wood 1027 (EA)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Frégate Island		Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 54) Vouchers cited: Robertson 2651, Robertson 2749
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Comments:  A declared noxious weed in the Northern Territory, Australia (Smith, 2002; pp. 40-41).

Control: 

Chemical: "Somewhat tolerant of 2,4-D, dicamba and triclopyr.  High end of label rates required.  Probably a good idea to mow and treat regrowth.  Australian sources indicate good control with wick applications of glyphosate using double passes at right angles"  (Motooka et al., 2003).