L., Rubiaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: Reject, score: 7 (Go to the risk assessment).
Common name(s): [more details]
English: blue field-madder, field-madder, herb-sherard, shérardie des champs |
Habit: herb
Description: Slender annual herbs; stems prostrate, quadrangular, 1-4 dm long, sparsely scabrid with small deflexed hairs. Leaves and leaf-like stipules in whorls of 4-6 per node, stiff and pungent. Lower leaves obovate-cuspidate, quickly withering, upper leaves oblanceolate, 5-20 mm long, 1-5 mm wide, apex mucronate. Flowers in involucrate clusters, the involucral segments up to 10, connate; 4-10 per head; sepals 4-6, persistent; corolla 4-5 mm long, blue or pink, funnelform, 4-5-lobed; stamens 4-5; ovules 1 per cell; style filiform, 2-lobed. Fruit didymous, 2-7 mm long, scabrid, dry, forming 2 indehiscent cocci. Seeds 1 per coccus (adapted from Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1171).
Description from Flora of Australia online.
Description from Flora of New Zealand online.
Habitat/ecology: In Hawaii, "naturalized in dry, open, disturbed sites, 600-2,270 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1171). In New Zealand, "locally common to abundant, especially poor, depleted or short pastures and lawns, and waste places, also cultivated land, roadside banks, streamsides and tussock grasslands to c. 500 m" (Webb et al., 1988; 1150).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Eurasia (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1171).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Australian Biological Resources Study (2013) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive |
Australian Biological Resources Study (2013) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 498, 544, 557)
Voucher cited: Danton I(5/255)1598. "En RC, se encuentra por aqui y allá como adventicia en el territorio de la Ilustre Municipalidad de Juan Fernández (paredes del Fuerte Santa Bárbara, pastos en los alrededores de El Pangal) y en SC, donde una gran población ya está presente en las pendientes del Cerro Johow. Es una especie de la cual su rápida dispersión está unida con las introducciones de ganado y forraje procedentes del continente y de los movimientos entre islas". |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Santa Clara |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Santa Clara |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 498, 544, 557)
Voucher cited: Danton I(5/326)1673. "En RC, se encuentra por aqui y allá como adventicia en el territorio de la Ilustre Municipalidad de Juan Fernández (paredes del Fuerte Santa Bárbara, pastos en los alrededores de El Pangal) y en SC, donde una gran población ya está presente en las pendientes del Cerro Johow. Es una especie de la cual su rápida dispersión está unida con las introducciones de ganado y forraje procedentes del continente y de los movimientos entre islas". |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1171) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1171)
East Maui. Voucher cited: Faurie 988 (BISH) |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Kermadec Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1150) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
"Weed of gardens and disturbed areas". |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
"Weed of gardens and disturbed areas". |
British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 187) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1150) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Sherardia arvensis, please let us know.