Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby, Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Low risk (based on second screen), score: 5 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Cassia siamea Lam.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: tie dao mu

English: Siamese senna, Thai cassia, Thailand shower, cassod tree, kassod tree

French: bois perdrix

Spanish: flamboyán amarillo

Tongan: kasia

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Tree, to 30 m tall, spreading, pubescent on the leaf undersides and inflorescence, soon glabrescent.  Leaves (10-) 15-20 (-35) cm long including a terete petiole 25-40 mm long; stipules minute, subulate, persistent; leaflets in (4-) 6-8 (-16) pairs spaced 15-30 mm apart, stipules minute, subulate, persistent; leaflets in (4-) 6-8 (-16) pairs spaced 15-30 mm apart, oblong, 30-50 (-75) mm long, (12-) 20-30 mm wide, increasing medially or distally, emarginate and mucronulate; glands absent, replaced by transverse bars between the leaflets.  Inflorescences of 10-20 (-60) flowers, in upper axils, forming a many-flowered panicle to 40 cm long; peduncles 15-25 mm long; pedicels 15-20 (-35) mm long; bracts subpersistent.  Petals (10-) 15-25 mm long.  Fertile stamens 7 or 10 (with 3 large staminodes); filaments unequal, the lateral abaxial ones 7-12 mm long, the others 2.5-5.5 mm long; anthers subequal, weakly beaked, 5-8 mm long, opening by one U-shaped pore.  Pod flat, 15-25 (-30) cm long, 10-15 mm wide, straight but laterally curved, entire.  Seeds lustrous, with a narrowly spathulate areole"  (Randell and Barlow, 1998; pp. 127-128).

Habitat/ecology:  "Prefers fertile, moist soils.  In northern Queensland, it has invaded forests near towns and is spreading along river banks on the lower Cape York Peninsula, particularly on the Laura River on the lower Cape York Peninsula" (Smith, 2002; p. 23).

Propagation:  Scarified seed (Bodkin, 1986, cited in Csurhes & Edwards, 1998). "Seed pods spread by water. Plants spread intentionally for shelter and ornamentation." (Smith, 2002; p. 23).

Native range:  Southeast Asia, cultivated and naturalized throughout the tropics (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 83) Voucher: Flynn 7095 (PTBG, BISH, US)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 391) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 99)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced cultivated	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 97)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 99)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 109) Vouchers cited: DF 309, Damanu 32, Tothill 140, DA 16408, DA 12060, DA 12358 Sometimes established on roadsides and in parks.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1961) (voucher ID: BISH 32829) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 32830) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: L. Dunn 366 (PAP) Cultivated tree growing along the roadside.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 40922) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 162) Voucher cited: Florence 2519, BRY 25971
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Nicholas M. (2002) (p. 23)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 2519 (PAP) Cultivée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 491496) Taxon name on voucher: Cassia siamea
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1994) (voucher ID: BISH 639447) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 6197 (PAP) Cultivée
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 554189) Taxon name on voucher: Cassia siamea
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 99)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawaiian Islands	introduced cultivated	Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral/Imada, Clyde T. (2000) (p. 22)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Lau, Alex/Frohlich, Danielle (2012) (p. 16) Voucher cited: OED 2009090403 (BISH)
Japan (offshore islands) Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 74) Vouchers cited: Metzger 42, Baumann 9943, Benoit in MacKee 36601
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 12)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 14, 86) Single tree.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 99)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 428580) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 652580) Taxon name on voucher: Cassia siamea
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 652581) Taxon name on voucher: Cassia siamea
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 436) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea Lam.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1950) (voucher ID: PTBG 22457) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1967) (voucher ID: BNM 439) Taxon name on voucher: Senna siamea Lam.
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	cultivated	Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 221) Ornamental and shade tree.
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced cultivated	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 264) A commonly cultivated shade tree in the larger towns.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced cultivated	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 56)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced cultivated	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-13)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced invasive	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 98)
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced invasive cultivated	Australian Biological Resources Study (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 98)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive cultivated	Australian Biological Resources Study (2013)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Panama (Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Cultivated in S. China".
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 136) As Cassia siamea Lam.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	uncertain if native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	uncertain if native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 79) Cultivated only
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)

Comments:  Invasive on the Cape York Peninsula, Australia (Csurhes, S. and R. Edwards, 1998; p. 98). Weedy on Tahiti (Welsh, 1998; p. 162).

Control:  If you know of control methods for Senna siamea, please let us know.