Pterocarpus indicus Willd., Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 4 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: zi tan

English: Amboyna wood, Andaman redwood, Burmese rosewood, Malay padauk, Papua New Guinea rosewood, Philippine mahogany, angsana, narra

Fijian: padouk

Palauan: las

Yapese: arau

Habit:  tree

Description: 

Genus:  "Trees, the stipules small or rarely foliaceous; leaves alternate, imparipinnate (very rarely unifoliolate), estipellate, the leaflets alternate to subopposite, the blades often minutely glandular beneath; inflorescences axillary or terminal, racemose or paniculate, the bracts and bracteoles small, caducous; calyx turbinate to campanulate, shortly 5-lobed, the upper 2 lobes connate; petals 5, clawed, the standard usually suborbicular and with a well-developed claw, the wings obliquely obovate to spathulate, the keel petals usually shorter than wings, connate on lower side; stamens 10 (-11), the filaments all connate into a sheath split above and sometimes below, the vexillary filament sometimes free, the anthers dorsifixed, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary sessile or stipitate, the ovules 2-8, the style filiform, slightly incurved, the stigma small, terminal; fruit compressed, indehiscent, suborbicular to asymmetrical, narrowly to broadly winged, the wing curved laterally or right around to base, the seed-bearing part central, variously thickened or hardened, the seeds 1-3 (-4), reniform or oblong-reniform."  (Smith. 1985).

Species:  "Trees, 15-25 m tall. Bark grayish. Leaves 15-30 cm; stipules early caducous; petiolules 4-7 mm; rachis and petiolule glabrous; leaflets 5-7 (-11), ovate-elliptic, 5-11 x 3.5-5.5 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, veins slender, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, base truncate, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a raceme or panicle, mostly axillary, rarely terminal, 10-18 cm, puberulent. Flowers 1-1.5 cm; bracteoles 2, linear-oblong, at base of calyx. Pedicel 7-10 mm, slender. Calyx campanulate, 4-6 mm, appressed brown silky; teeth broadly triangular, ca. 1 mm, 2 larger than others. Corolla yellow; petals long clawed; standard ovate-orbicular to oblong, crisped at margin; wings oblong, ca. as long as standard; keel narrowly oblong, smaller than wings. Stamens 10, diadelphous (9+1), sheath 8-9 mm, vexillary filament free to base, filaments of varying heights; anthers versatile. Ovary shortly stipitate, oblong, 7-8 mm, densely pubescent; ovules 2; style curved; stigma minute. Legume orbicular, 4-4.5 x 3.5-4.5 cm, shortly stalked, flat, slightly hairy and reticulate opposite seed, 1-seeded, broadly winged around margin, wing to 2 cm wide. Seed brownish, reniform, narrow and oblique"  (Flora of China online).

"A tree up to 48 m high where indigenous...  The leaves have 5-11 leaflets usually up to 10 x 5 cm, ovate to lanceolate.  The fragrant flowers, about 1 cm long, have yellow or orange-yellow petals, and the suborbicular fruits, up to 6 cm in diameter with a stiffly membranaceous wing, are brown in drying"  (Smith, 1985; p. 159).

Habitat/ecology:  In Fiji, "occasionally cultivated near sea level" (Smith, 1985; p. 159).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Southeastern Asia (north to Ryukyu Islands) through Malesia and into the Pacific to the Caroline Islands and the New Hebrides, cultivated elsewhere" (Smith, 1985; p. 159).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan	Saipan Island	native	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 38)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 17)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2005) (voucher ID: PTBG 47564) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus Willd.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced cultivated	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 96) Voucher cited: M.J. Balick 4090 (NY, PTBG)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 159) Vouchers cited: DA 16432, DA 1553, DA 5513, DA 16773, L.26244
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Cultivée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 158) Voucher cited: BRY 26399
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 158) Voucher cited: BRY 26317
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Cultivée
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 88) Vouchers cited: Guillaumin 9849, Schmid s.n. s.loc., MacKee 34307, MacKee 43025, Imbach in MacKee 43474
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 475) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 476) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 478) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1969) (voucher ID: BNM 474) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1966) (voucher ID: BNM 479) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Malakal (Ngemelachel) Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. Field notes)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 117)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. Field notes)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (2003) (voucher ID: BNM 51603) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1967) (voucher ID: BNM 477) Taxon name on voucher: Pterocarpus indicus (L.) Willd.
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago		Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 241) Generally common.
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island		Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 45)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 297) At low and medium altitudes, in primary and in some regions in secondary forests.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Open forests on slopes, cultivated in villages and gardens".
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 152) Timber.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Indonesia Indonesia	West Papua Province (Indonesia) (western New Guinea Island) (formerly Irian Jaya)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 73) Casual
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Open forests on slopes, cultivated in villages and gardens".
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced cultivated	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 125)
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Frégate Island		Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 52) Voucher cited: Robertson 2737
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Pterocarpus indicus, please let us know.