Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Martius) Blume, Arecaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 2 (Go to the risk assessment).

Other Latin names:  Areca coronata Blume ex Mart; Pinanga kuhlii Blume

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Java pinanga palm

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Inflorescence unbranched (i.e. the spikes directly arising from the rachis), red when fruiting, totaling 15-26 cm; rachis and peduncle usually not clearly distinct, gradually narrowed from a very broad base, or almost equally broad throughout, strongly flattened, 2 1/2 - 11 cm; spikes 5-20, when dry erecto-patent or subarcuately ascending, straight or flexuous, (rather) stout, 7-36 cm; male flowers stramineous, glabrous; calyx 3-fid, minute; petals unequal, (obliquely) ovate, acuminate, 8 mm; stamens c. 12; filaments minute; anthers acute; female flowers calyx and corolla slightly different, persistent, c. 2 mm, afterwards subaccrescent; perianth-lobes orbicular-ovate, ciliate along the margins; style short; stigma discoid, large; staminodes (?) absent; fruit ellipsoid, tapering towards the ends, or distinctly obovoid, subobtuse at  apex, via orange at last red-purple, c. 9-13 mm (? ripe); very young fruit mammiform or tapering-cylindric; endosperm deeply ruminate.  Leaves up to 135 cm; sheath narrow, long, not or hardly frayed at the mouth, with reddish brown scales; petiole thin, up to 60 cm or more; segments not very numerous, linear to (upper ones!) suboblong, often somewhat falcate, the lower ones with undivided apex, the upper ones with broad, emarginate-dentate apex, (2-) 4-10-nerved, 22-100 cm by (2-) 4-6 (-9) cm.  Growing in clumps.  Stem slender, 2-5 cm diameter"  (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1968; pp. 193-194).

Description on Palmweb.

Habitat/ecology:  "Occurring on very steep hillsides in montane forest and flat areas in lowland forest, from sea level to 1800 m above sea level"  (Witono et al., 2002, in Palmweb).  In Hawai‘i (O‘ahu), naturalized in Lyon Arboretum where  "very dense seedling thickets are common around planted specimens.  More than 50 mature, naturalized plants were seed scattered throughout the Arboretum.  Second and perhaps third-generation seedlings were also seen in the vicinity of these naturalized plants"  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 5).  "Humid forest, sometimes also in teak-forest; not on limestone; 10-1600, especially above 600 [m]"  (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1968; p. 194).

Propagation:  Seed, presumably dispersed by birds  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 5).

Native range:  Rainforests of Java and Sumatra  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 5). Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumatra, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 425) As Pinanga kuhlii Bl. Voucher cited: DA 18579
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) As Pinanga kuhlii C.L. Blume
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Parker, James L./Parsons, Bobby (2012) (p. 66) Voucher cited: J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED136 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. (2006) (pp. 5-6) Vouchers cited: C. Daehler 1305 (HAW), R. Hauff s.n. (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 69) Cultivated only

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
India (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Andaman Islands	Andaman Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
India (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Nicobar Islands	Nicobar Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Pinanga coronata, please let us know.