J.W.Moore, Myrtaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: High risk, score: 7 (Go to the risk assessment).
Other Latin names: Caryophyllus racemosus Mill
Common name(s): [more details]
English: West Indian bay, bay oil tree, bay rum tree, bay tree, malagueta |
French: bois d'Inde, piment couronné |
Tongan: sinamoni |
Habit: tree
Description: "Trees 4-12 m tall; petioles 3-10 mm long; leaf blades (1.5) 4-10 (12.5) cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, obovate to oblanceolate or elliptic, coriaceous, obtuse, acute basally, entire, finely reticulately veined, with 5-7 pairs of rather obscure, main lateral veins, shiny above, dull and pale beneath; cymes pedunculate; flowers white, ca. 10 mm wide; calyx 5-lobed; fruit ovoid, ca 7-12 mm long, black at maturity" (Welsh, 1998; pp. 199-200).
Habitat/ecology: Dry and moist forests and open areas, up to 3000 ft. elevation in Hawaii. In Fiji, "cultivated and sometimes naturalized near sea level" (Smith, 1985; p. 306).
Propagation: Seed, spread by birds.
Native range: West Indies and possibly also in northern South America, now widely cultivated.
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
cultivated
|
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 9) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 9)
Voucher: Flynn 7076 (PTBG, BISH, US) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 382)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 9)
Voucher: Flynn 7052 (PTBG, BISH, US) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 374)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 166355)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa J.W.Moore |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 664839)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa J.W.Moore |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 306)
Vouchers cited: DA 17317, H.B.R. Parham 333 Sometimes naturalized. |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 306)
Vouchers cited: DA 17203, 12260, DA L. 11441, DA 16076 Sometimes naturalized. |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 14990)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa J.W.Moore |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 33228)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa J.W.Moore |
|
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Huahine Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 200) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 82) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 200)
Vouchers cited: Moore 270, Moore 783 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
As Pimenta dioica (L.) Merrill. Voucher cited: J. Florence 4010 (PAP) Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 491608)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. |
|
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Nengonengo Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 192)
Cultivated? |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Frohlich, Danielle/Lau, Alex (2012) (p. 41)
Voucher cited: A. Lau 2011052601 (BISH) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 106)
Voucher cited: MacKee 42192 |
Tonga
Haapai Group |
Lifuka and Foa Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 74) |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 668956)
Taxon name on voucher: Pimenta racemosa J.W.Moore |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 68) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Comments: Naturalized on most of the southern group of the Cook Islands except Aitutaki. It is especially prevalent on Mauke (Space & Flynn, 2002).
Control: If you know of control methods for Pimenta racemosa, please let us know.