L., Solanaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: deng long guo |
English: Peruvian cherry, Peruvian ground-cherry, bladderberry, cape gooseberry, goldenberry, gooseberry tomato, obra cabbage |
Fijian: botebote yadra, kospeli, maulanggua, mbotembote yandra, tukiyandra |
French: alkékenge du Pérou, capuli, coqueret comestible, coqueret du Pérou, coqueret du Peru, groseiller canaque, groseiller du cap |
Hawaiian: paina, pohā |
I-Kiribati: te baraki, te bin |
Mangarevan: maru |
Maori (Cook Islands): tūpere, tupera |
Nauruan: oatamo, watamo |
Niuean: manini, manini fua lalahi |
Other: goundou-goundou, winebusupén |
Spanish: alquequenje, capulí, uvilla |
Tahitian: tupere |
Tongan: kuusi |
Habit: shrub
Description: "Soft-wooded, short-lived shrubs up to ca. 1 m tall, straggly with age, all parts densely pubescent with erect, simple or glandular hairs up to 1 mm long. Leaves simple, alternate, usually geminate, 1 larger than the other, ovate-acuminate, often 6 cm long, 4 cm wide, margins entire or rarely with a few blunt lobes, apex acuminate, base cordate, petioles 2-3 cm long. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, solitary in the leaf axils, pedicellate; calyx connate in lower ", 5-lobed, veins often prominent, the lobes acumunate-triangular, ca. 1 cm long, distinct at apex; corolla yellow with well-defined purplish brown spots at base, 15-20 mm in diameter, the limb rotate or shallowly 10-lobed, the tube swollen into shallow nectary pouches between the filaments, densely pubescent with pale yellowish dendritic hairs below the spots and around the nectaries; style 5-7 mm long. Berries pale yellow, drying pale brown, aromatic, succulent, globose, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, enclosed in the inflated calyx 3-3.5 cm long. Seeds numerous, pale brown, discoid, 1.75-2 mm long, minutely shallowly reticulate, embryo curved, endosperm present" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1265).
Habitat/ecology: "Forests and forest edges, riparian habitats, disturbed sites. This large herb forms dense thickets that crowd out native vegetation. Littlee is known on the ecology of this species" (Weber, 2003; p. 322).
In Hawaii, "naturalized in disturbed sites in mesic to wet forest, diverse mesic forest, and subalpine woodland, 450-2,020 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1265). In Fiji, "seen at elevations from near sea level to 900 m in gardens and also naturalized in forest along trails and streams, in clearing, and in cultivated areas" (Smith, 1991; p. 29). In Niue, "a common weed in some plantations" (Sykes, 1970; p. 197). "Uncommon in plantations and waste places but sometimes collected for food" (Whistler, 1988; p. 36). In Tahiti, "frequent in all the cool valleys to 800 m" (Welsh, 1998; p. 273). In Tonga, "occasional as a plantation weed" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 237). In New Caledonia, "peu cultivé malgré les fruits comestibles; largement répandu comme mauvaise herbe" (MacKee, 1994; p. 131).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: South America (Smith, 1991; p. 29).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
|
Pickard, J. (1984) (p. 208) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 21)
"An occasional weed of wasteland and open areas". Vouchers cited: G. Uhe 1282 (K), L.A.S. Johnson & A.N. Rodd 1228 (NSW), J. Pickard 1480 (NSW), J. Pickard 2828 (NSW) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 10)
"An occasional weed of wasteland and open areas". Vouchers cited: P.S. Green 1394 (A), W.R. Sykes NI 606 (CHR) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
|
Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 223) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 556) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
|
Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 223)
Widely spread. |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 556) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 245) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island | McCormack, Gerald (2013) | |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Taveuni Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 29)
Voucher cited: Seemann 338 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 29)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 802, Parks 20575, Gillespie 4304, Gibbs 707, DA 16704, Smith 8692, DA 11437 |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 23)
Vouchers cited: St. John 14861 (BISH), St. John 14874 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6899 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island | Welsh, S. L. (1998) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island | Welsh, S. L. (1998) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6964 (PAP) Adventice |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 245) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1265-1266) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1265-1266) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1265-1266) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1265-1266) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1265-1266) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1265-1266) |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 288)
Naturalized |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Butaritari Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 245) |
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95) | |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands) |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Lifou |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 131)
Vouchers cited: Deplanche s.n., Schmid 1328 (NOU) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll) |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 131)
Voucher cited: Däniker 1997 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 131)
Vouchers cited: Balansa 525, Brousmiche 416, Cribs 1224, Gaillard in MacKee 26921 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
invasive |
Tassin, Jacques (2005) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 131)
Vouchers cited: MacKee 15801, MacKee 23509 |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Raoul Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 143) |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Raoul Island |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1234)
"Open habitats such as roadsides, waste places, beaches, freshwater mudflats and cultivated ground". |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 197)
Voucher cited: CHR 170265 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 36) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 105)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9759 (BISH), Yuncker 10088 (BISH) "Occasional in waste areas and plantations". |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 45) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1966) (voucher ID: BNM 753)
Taxon name on voucher: Physalis peruviana L. |
|
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 423)
Thoroughly established in open waste places. |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
|
St. John, H. (1987) (p. 49)
Vouchers cited: R. A. Young 30, St. John 14973 |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Western Samoa Islands | Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 36) | |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 73)
Vouchers cited: Parks 16327, Soakai 371 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 73)
Vouchers cited: Soakai 250, Soakai 742 |
|
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15087 |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
introduced
invasive |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 237)
Cited: Crosby. |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island | Burkill, I. H. (1900) (p. 49) | |
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands |
Tuvalu Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
Weber, Ewald (2003) (p. 322) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Near roads, river valleys, cultivated and naturalized; 1200-2100 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Yunnan. |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 279) | |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 188) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1234)
"Open habitats such as roadsides, waste places, beaches, freshwater mudflats and cultivated ground". |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) | Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 223) | |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013)
"In disturbed uplands". |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
MacDonald, I. A. W./Thebaud, C./Strahm, W. A./Strasberg, D. (1991) (pp. 51-61) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Frégate Island | Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 61) | |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Control:
Physical: Hand pull or dig out seedlings and young plants.
Chemical: Cut large plants or treat with herbicide. "Probably susceptible to hormone-type herbicides, especially when young, and probably to tebuthiuron" (Motooka et al., 2003).