(L.) Greene, Verbenaceae
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(L.) Greene, Verbenaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: High risk (based on second screen), score: 5 (Go to the risk assessment)
Other Latin names: Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.; Lippia repens Spreng.
Common name(s): [more details]
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Chinese: guo jiang teng |
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English: capeweed, false thyme, fogfruit, frogfruit, mat grass, mat lippia, phyla, turkey tangle |
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Spanish: cidrón, pastor, turre hembra |
Habit: herb
Description: "Herb, prostrate, creeping, rooting at the nodes. Leaves simple, opposite or in whorls, blade obovate to oblanceolate, usually 1-4 cm long with the margins of the upper half toothed. Flowers anytime during the year; flowers many, borne in long-stalked, axillary, subglobose to ovoid head 5-25 mm long. Corolla with fused petals, salverform, tube about 2 mm long, limb about 2 mm across with four spreading, rounded lobes, white to pink with a yellow or red throat. Fruit a capsule 1.5-2 mm long, breaking into two segments" (Whistler, 2000; pp. 359-360).
"Creeping herb, rooting at the nodes, with angled stems; leaves obovate, distally serrate, usually 1-4 cm long, and 0.5-2 cm wide, base decurrent; petiole to about 5-6 mm; peduncle of spike 1-5 (rarely 6-8) cm long; bracts obovate; calyx 1.5 mm; corolla 2 mm long, white or pale violet; fruit about 1.8 mm long" (Stone, 1970; p. 506).
Habitat/ecology: "It is a fast spreading weed that has a competitive advantage in frequently mowed lawns because of its creeping habit, and can crowd out other low-growing native species" (Whistler & Steele, 1999; p. 71-72). In Guam, occasional in lawns or waste ground in wet places (Stone, 1970; p. 506). In New Caledonia, "espèce américaine d'introduction ancienne dans le Pacifique Sud-Ouest" (MacKee, 1994; p. 139).
Propagation: Seed, rooting from nodes.
Native range: Tropical America
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
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Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 59) |
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Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
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Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 59) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group |
Floreana Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
var. reptans |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
var. reptans |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
var. reptans |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Faraulep (Faraulap) Atoll |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 236) |
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Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ulithi Atoll |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 236) |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
invasive |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 506)
Voucher cited: Stone 3906 (GUAM) |
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Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 236) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2002) (p. 26)
West Maui. Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 000611-1 (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Moloka‘i Island |
introduced
invasive |
Kennedy, Barbara H./James, Shelley A./Imada, Clyde T. (2010) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: H. Oppenheimer H70121 (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
O‘ahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Kennedy, Barbara H./James, Shelley A./Imada, Clyde T. (2010) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: L.M. Crago & C. McGuire 2005-235 (BISH) |
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Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands | Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) | |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Enewetak (Ãnewetak, Eniwetok) Atoll |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 71-72) |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kili (Kõle) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 12)
"Occasional; patches in some grassy areas". |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 71-72)
Vouchers cited: Herbst 8900, Herbst 8974, Herbst 9627, Herbst 9631, Whistler 11167, Whistler 11265 |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1998) (voucher ID: PTBG 44985)
Taxon name on voucher: Phyla nodiflora |
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Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1998) (voucher ID: PTBG 47462)
Taxon name on voucher: Phyla nodiflora |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 13)
"Uncommon; small areas in a few lawns". |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
introduced
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Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2009) (p. 3)
Voucher cited: Vander Velde 0627200904 |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2009) (voucher ID: PTBG 49756)
Taxon name on voucher: Phyla nodiflora |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 132) |
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Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Mili (Mile) Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A23)
Uncommon; small area near house part way down runway, other area near the south, Mili. |
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New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Lifou |
introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 139)
Vouchers cited: Cheesman 3324 (BM), MacKee 28287 |
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New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Maré |
introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 139)
Voucher cited: MacKee 25462 |
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New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 139)
Vouchers cited: Pancher s.n. s.loc., Balansa 521, Grunow s.n. (W), MacKee 4088, Morat 5375 |
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New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
abo. intro. |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 139)
Vouchers cited: Germain s.n., Virot 953 |
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New Guinea (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea)
New Guinea Island |
New Guinea Island |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 236) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 104) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 64)
Voucher: Lorence 9736 (PTBG, BNM, NY, US) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 28)
Taxon name on voucher: Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 236) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 106) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 64)
Voucher: Lorence 9746 (PTBG, BISH, BNM, NY, US) |
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Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 38)
Taxon name on voucher: Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene |
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Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
New Ireland Island |
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (pp. 473, 475)
Observed only on the east coast of New Ireland, but there common. |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
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Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 99) |
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United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Eastern Island |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-11) |
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United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Midway Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2002) (p. 26)
Vouchers cited: Starr & Martz 990512-2 (BISH). D. Herbst &ammp; W. Takeuchi 6364 (BISH) |
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United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Sand Island |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-11) |
| Pacific Rim | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
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Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 231)
On grassland or along streams. |
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Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Japan
Japan |
Japan |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Japan
Ryukyu Islands |
Ryukyu Islands |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1275)
Cultivation escape. |
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Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
uncertain if introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 69)
Weed of uncertain origin |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste |
East Timor Island |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
| Indian Ocean | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37) |
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British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 30)
As Lippia nodiflora L. |
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British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38063)
Taxon name on voucher: Lippia nodiflora (L.) Rich. |
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Comoros
Comoro Islands |
Comoro Islands |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Agalega Island |
introduced
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Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 139) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Alphonse Island |
Robertson, I. A. D./Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 183)
Voucher cited: Robertson 2870 (K) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Coetivy Island |
Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 156)
Voucher cited: Robertson 3075 (K) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
D'Arros Island |
Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 24)
Vouchers cited: Gwynne & Wood 1003 (EA), Stoddart 7159 (US) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Marie-Louise Island | Wilson, J. R. (1983) (p. 195) | |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Platte Island |
Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 164)
Voucher cited: Robertson 3001 (K) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Poivre Island |
Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 174)
Voucher cited: Robertson 2378 (K) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
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Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Phyla nodiflora, please let us know.