Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalidaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Oxalis repens Thunb.

Common name(s): [more details]

Bikol: daraisig

Bontoc: kanapa, salamagi

Chamorro: agsom, apsom

Chinese: cu jiang cao

English: clover sorrel, creeping lady's-sorrel, creeping oxalis, creeping wood sorrel, creeping yellow oxalis, procumbent yellow sorrel, sheep sorrel, sour grass, wood sorrel, yellow wood sorrel

Fijian: matakonikoni, matakorukoru, rongomi, totowiwi

French: oseille filante, petit trèfle, petite oseille, pied de pigeon, trèfle jaune

Hawaiian: ‘ihi ‘ai, ‘ihi ‘awa, ‘ihi mākole, ‘ihi maka ‘ula

Ibatan: pikhik

Iloko: marasiksik

Japanese: katabami

Mangarevan: tuara

Maori (Cook Islands): kōkī‘i, kōki‘i, kōki‘i kura, kavakava

Marquesan: pakihi

Niuean: kihikihi

Palauan: omis

Pampangan: malabalug-dagis

Samoan: ‘i‘i, a‘aa‘a

Spanish: acedera, acederilla, agrito, chulco, hierba de la perdiz, trébol, vinagrillo

Tagalog: taingang-daga

Tahitian: ‘ava‘ava, pa‘i‘i, pa‘ihi, patoa ‘ava‘ava

Tongan: kihikihi

Yapese: gougus

Habit:  herb

Description:  "A caespitose or creeping herb, with stems rarely exceeding 50 cm in length, usually rooting at nodes and ascending toward apices, variably pilose on stems, petioles, and leaflet blades; stipules usually present but inconspicuous, to 3 mm long; indument composed of eseptate hairs (sometimes hairs of capsules septate); petioles 1-6 cm long, the leaflets subsessile and subequal, the blades obcordate, 4-20 mm long and broad, incised 1/4 - 1/2 their length, the sinus acute to obtuse, the lobes usually rounded; inflorescences 1-6-flowered, usually 2-7 cm long, the bracts and bracteoles deltoid-linear, 0.5-3 mm long, the pedicels 4-15 mm long, with eseptate hairs; sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2.5-6 mm long; petals yellow, oblong subspathulate, somewhat larger than sepals; capsules subcylindric, acute, 5-20 x 2-4 mm, sometimes with septate hairs, with 5-10 seeds per locule."  (Smith, 1985; pp. 625-626).

Key to varieties (Smith, 1985; pp. 625-626):

"Plants comparatively large, with prostrate or repent stems up to 50 cm long; stems, stipules, and leaves green; capsule retrorse-pubescent.
    Var. corniculata:  Leaflet blades glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, the upper surface more sparsely pilose than the lower.
    Var. villosa:  Leaflet blades copiously pilose on both surfaces.
Plants smaller, less inclined to sprawl; stems, stipules, and leaves purplish; capsule slightly pubescent to glabrous: var. atropurpurea."

Habitat/ecology:  "A cosmopolitan weed of the tropical and temperate zones.  It is at home in gardens, lawns, arable land, and pastures.  It is frequently found also on channel banks and in shady places.  It prostrate habit helps protect it from being mowed in lawns" (Holm et al., 1977; p. 345).

In Hawai‘i, "occurring in open, disturbed sites in coastal to subalpine habitats, 0-2,300 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1002). In Fiji, "occurs at elevations from near sea level to about 750 m as a common weedy plant along roads and trails, in moist places, pastures, waste places, plantations, and in villages (Smith, 1985; pp. 625-626). Moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 209). In New Guinea, "a plant of grassland, broken forest, rock faces, and a weed of gardens, roadsides and waste land. From near sea level to at least 2800 m" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 131). In Tonga, "a common plantation and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 151).

Propagation:  Seed and rooting from nodes. "Spread is mainly due to high production of fertile seed. An elastic jacket or aril surrounds the small brown seeds and this serves to eject them from the capsule. Its presence on all continent and many islands indicates that its seeds are carried by birds" (Holm et al., 1977; pp. 343, 345).

Native range:  Cosmopolitan, origin uncertain (Smith, 1985; pp. 625-626).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 8) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9482
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 43) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9482 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 8) Voucher cited: Garber 1082
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 43) Voucher cited: Garber 1082 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island	introduced abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 8) Vouchers cited: Harris 34, Harris 82
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 43) Vouchers cited: W. Harris 82 (BISH), W. Harris 34 (BISH)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1990) (voucher ID: PTBG 9111) Taxon name on voucher: Oxalis corniculata
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Anon. (1988) (p. 2)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 88) As Oxalis repens Thunb.
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 20) "This is a cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin, usually found in disturbed ground". Vouchers cited: P.S. Green 1559 (A, K), M.M.J. van Balgooy 1054 (K, NSW), G. Uhe 1267 (K)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 10) "This is a cosmopolitan species of uncertain origin, usually found in disturbed ground". Vouchers cited: W.R. Sykes NI 520 (CHR), J.D. McComish 122A (K), R.D. Hoogland 11330 (NSW)
Chile (offshore islands) Rapa Nui (Easter) Island	Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua)	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2008) (p. 29)
Chile (offshore islands) Rapa Nui (Easter) Island	Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua)	introduced	Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 81) Dispersed over the entire island in stony places.
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced	Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 220)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 555)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced	Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 220)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 555)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 59) Voucher cited: CBM-BS-58856
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Falanruw 2224 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	native	Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 39) Var. villosa (Bieb.) Hohen.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121) Var. villosa (Bieb.) Hohen.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Evans 2387 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Saipan	Saipan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced invasive abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2013) Naturalized
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2013) Naturalized
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2013) Naturalized
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2013) Naturalized
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2013) Naturalized
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	McCormack, Gerald (2013) Naturalized
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Alcedo, Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santiago Group	Santiago Island	introduced invasive	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 57) Voucher cited: Glassman 2840 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 120) Voucher cited: S.F. Glassman 2840 (BISH) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 8) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46669 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 625-626) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 898
Fiji Fiji Islands	Mothe Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 625-626) Voucher cited: Bryan 477
Fiji Fiji Islands	Nairai Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 625-626) Vouchers cited: Milne 160, Milne 209
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 625-626) Voucher cited: DA 5741
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 625-626) Voucher cited: Smith 6663
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 625-626) Vouchers cited: Smith 4326 (var. villosa), Gillespie 4161.1 (var. villosa), DA 10831, Smith 8813, Greenwood 764, DA 9577, DA 11106, DA 7545, Smith 7087, DA 7416
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Makaroa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: B. Huguenin s.n. (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 16) Vouchers cited: Agassiz 102 (GH), Fosberg 11064 (BISH)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence & M. Teikiteetini 9362 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 7374 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Mohotani (Mohotane, Mohotane) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 41001) Taxon name on voucher: Oxalis corniculata
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 41092) Taxon name on voucher: Oxalis corniculata
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 91)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 211) Voucher cited: Fosberg 60951
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 39) Voucher cited: Fosberg 60951 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 211) Voucher cited: Gagne 1617
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mehetia (Mahetia, Meetia) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 10256 (PAP), J. Florence 10289 (PAP), J. Florence 10326 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 211) Voucher cited: C. Cartier 134
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: C.L. Cartier 134 (PAP), J. Florence 2191 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 211) Vouchers cited: Moore 52, BRY 26574a
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 211) Voucher cited: BRY 26523
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 211) Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 134, BRY 25960
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4475 (PAP), F.R. Fosberg 62724 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 9029 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 24) Voucher cited: Sachet 2045 (US)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5740 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11380 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 6566 (PAP), A. Varney 9 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5521 (PAP), J. Florence 9242 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 348) Voucher cited: Stone 4732 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121) Also var. villosa (Bieb.) Hohen.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2003) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 010522-8 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2001) (p. 15) Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 010522-8 (BISH). Occasional near quarters.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau, Lehua Islet	native invasive abo. intro.	Wood, K. R./LeGrande, Maya (2006) (pp. 24-25) Voucher cited: Flynn et al. 4866 (PTBG, US)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	uncertain if native invasive abo. intro.	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
Japan (offshore islands) Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands		Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) Also var. trichocaulon H.Lév.
Kiribati Kiribati	Kiribati (Republic of)	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 17)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 114)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 179) Voucher cited: Hassall 163 (SUVA)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Walpole	native	Renevier, Alain/Cherrier, Jean-Francois (1991) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Cherrier in MacKee 44052
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Kermadec Islands	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 917) "Mostly in and around settlements, waste places, roadsides, plantations and gardens, cultivated ground".
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1977) (pp. 122-123) Possible aboriginal introduction.
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R./West, C. J. (1996) (pp. 450-451) Oxalis thompsoniae B.J. Conn & P.G. Richards
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 143) Vouchers cited: CHR 168721 (var. corniculata); CHR 168720, CHR 168722 (var. repens cv. Atropurpurea)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 31)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 41)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 66) Var. repens. Voucher cited: Yuncker 9925 (BISH) "Occasional roadside and plantation weed".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive abo. intro.	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 50)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 121)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 598) Taxon name on voucher: Oxalis corniculata L.
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago		Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 265) Common in lawns, grassland and enclosures.
Papua New Guinea Bougainville Islands	Bougainville Island		Foreman, D. B. (1971) (p. 52)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	invasive	Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 131) From near sea level to at least 2800 m.
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 323) as Oxalis repens Thunb. In waste places, open grasslands, etc., sea level to an altitude of 2,200 m.
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 37) Vouchers cited: R. A. Young 14, Ross 34, Foberg & B. Christian 11233
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Paulay, Gustav/Spencer, T./Oliver, Royce (1989) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Paulay, Spencer & Schuster 696 (US)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 10811 (PAP) Adventice
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands	abo. intro.	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 31)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 95)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 151) "Throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 54) Voucher cited: Soakai 988 (EI)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 151) Vouchers cited: Hürlimann 201, Yuncker 15647
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 54) Vouchers cited: Lawrence 10, Lawrence 15, Soakai 163
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 151) Vouchers cited: Hürlimann 15, Yuncker 15051
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 3860) Taxon name on voucher: Oxalis corniculata
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 54) Voucher cited: Soakai 1011
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1002-1003)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-11)
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands		Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 63)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 259)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 345)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 259)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 345)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 259)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 202) In wasteland or along roadside.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 917) "Mostly in and around settlements, waste places, roadsides, plantations and gardens, cultivated ground".
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 65) Naturalised
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia		Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 347)
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 346-347)
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 259)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 346)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (p. 346)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 122)
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced invasive	Holm, Leroy G./Plucknett, D. L./Pancho, J. V./Herberger, J. P. (1977) (pp. 346-347)
French Territory of Mayotte Mayotte Islands	Mayotte Island	introduced invasive	Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Frégate Island		Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 56) Voucher cited: Robertson 2717
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Comments:  Likely an early introduction to the Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i and probably other Pacific Islands but probably a modern introduction to some places (McCormack, 2003; Smith, 1985; Wagner et al., 1999).

Naturalized in fairly undisturbed habitats in the Galápagos Islands.

Control:  If you know of control methods for Oxalis corniculata, please let us know.