(Retz.) P.Beauv., Poaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Spanish: zacatillo |
Habit: grass
Description: "Annual. Culms prostrate, 10-60 cm tall. Mid-culm nodes glabrous. Ligule a fringed membrane, 0.4-0.8 mm long. Collar glabrous. Leaf-blades lanceolate or ovate, 1-10 cm long, 5-20 mm wide. Leaf-blade venation with obscure cross nerves. Leaf-blade surface smooth. Inflorescence compound, a panicle of racemes. Racemes 3-8, unilateral, 0.5-2.5 cm long. Central inflorescence axis 2-13 cm long. Rhachis angular, pilose on surface. Spikelet packing imbricate or approximate. Spikelets in pairs, subequal or the lower smaller. Pedicels oblong. Fertile spikelets 2-flowered, comprising 1 fertile floret, lower floret sterile, upper fertile, without rhachilla extension, lanceolate, laterally compressed, 2-3 mm long, falling entire. Glumes similar or dissimilar, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate, 1.7-2.1 mm long, equalling upper glume, 50-75% of length of spikelet, herbaceous, 1-keeled, 3-5-nerved. Lower glume surface pubescent. Lower glume apex acute, awned. Lower glume awn 2.5-20 mm long, without vesture (but scaberulous). Upper glume ovate, 1.7-2.2 mm long, herbaceous, 1-keeled, 3-7-nerved. Upper glume surface pubescent. Upper glume apex obtuse, muticous or awned. Upper glume awn 0-5 mm long. Basal sterile floret 1, with palea or without significant palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret ovate, 2.6-3.3 mm long, 100% of length of spikelet, membranous, 1-keeled, 7-11-nerved, pubescent, without hair tufts or with a transverse fringe of hairs or hair tufts, eciliate or ciliate on margins, emarginate, mucronate or awned. Fertile lemma oblong, dorsally compressed, 2-2.7 mm long, coriaceous, glossy, 7-nerved. Lemma margins involute. Lemma apex acute, laterally pinched. Palea involute, coriaceous, without keels" (Sharp & Simon, 2002).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: "In tropical and subtropical sub-humid woodlands and coastal grasslands" (Sharp & Simon, 2002).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "Africa, Temperate Asia, Tropical Asia, Australasia, Pacific, North America, South America" (Sharp & Simon, 2002).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1563)
Vouchers cited: Lane 57-152 (BISH), Forbes 456.K (BISH) Possibly naturalized. |
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
New Britain Island |
Burcham, L. T. (1948) (p. 418)
Voucher cited: Burcham 137 (US) |
|
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (p. 71)
In thickets at low altitudes. |
|
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 70) | |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island | Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 61) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
native
|
Sharp, Donovan/Simon, Bryan K. (2002) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
native
|
Sharp, Donovan/Simon, Bryan K. (2002) |
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 70) | |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Oplismenus burmannii, please let us know.