Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth., Asteraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 13 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Eriocoma hibiscifolia (Benth.) Kuntze

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Anzac-flower, Christmas daisy, montanoa, tree daisy

French: marguerite de Mai, papayer fleu

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Perennial, scarcely branching half-shrub up to 6 m high.  Leaves:  Dark green above, paler below, softly hairy on both surfaces, up to 250 mm long x 250 mm wide, broadly ovate in outline, deeply palmately lobed, with a pair of auricles at the base of the blade.  Flower heads:  Ray petals white, disc yellow; about 40 mm across; many in terminal, branched inflorescences.  Fruits:  Reddish-brown achenes, 3.5 mm long, borne in the rounded, papery, old flower heads" (Henderson, 1995; p. 99).

Habitat/ecology:  "Forms dense stands in drier mesic areas"  (Motooka et al., 2003). Low to mid elevations, mesic to dry areas. 0-2,000 ft. elevation in Hawai‘i.

Propagation:  Seeds.

Native range:  Central America from Guatemala south to Costa Rica  (Staples & Herbst, 2005; p. 169).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 78) Voucher cited: Florence 6971
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Cultivée
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1984) (voucher ID: BISH 546499) Taxon name on voucher: Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 345)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim (2011) (p. 24) Voucher cited: Starr, Starr & Higashino 081230-01 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 345)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 345)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 345)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2013) (p. 17) "The Moloka‘i Invasive Species Committee staff has initiated eradication efforts". Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, L. Buchanan, K. Pali & S. Aruch H31011 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 345)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Natualized
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Chiapas

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Naturalisé"

Comments:  On State of Hawai‘i noxious species list.

Control: 

Chemical:  "Sensitive to basal bark applications of 2,4-D and triclopyr and to soil-applied tebuthiuron"  (Motooka et al., 2003).