Thunb., Caprifoliaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? yes
Risk assessment results:
High risk, score: 12 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))
Reject, score: 19 (Go to the risk assessment (U.S. (Florida)))
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: jin yin hua, ren dong |
English: Chinese honeysuckle, Hall's honeysuckle, Japanese honeysuckle, gold-and-silver-flower, honeysuckle, woodbine |
French: chèvrefeuille du Japon, clématite du Japon |
Hawaiian: honekakala |
Japanese: nindō, nindo, suikazura |
Maori (Cook Islands): mangamangā rima, pītete papaā, pitate papaā |
Spanish: madreselva |
Tongan: pua Fisi |
Habit: vine
Description: "A weedy vine or twining shrub reaching 10 m height in the presence of support, with pubescent branchlets. Leaves are ovate to oblong-ovate, sometimes lobed, 3-8 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, pubescent when young and with ciliate margins. Fragrant white and zygomorphic flowers grow in pairs, turning yellow with age. The peduncles are 5-10 mm long, the corollas 3-5 cm long. The corolla is white tinged with purple and has a narrow tube. Fruits are black to purple berries of 5-7 mm diameter, containing a few seeds of c. 2 mm diameter" (Weber, 2003; p. 242).
"Sprawling and twining lianas; young stems pubescent. Leaves ovate, elliptic, oblong or broadly lanceolate, blades 3-8 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, pubescent, becoming glabrate above, entire or young lower leaves sometimes lobed. Flowers 2 in axillary cymes, bracts 1-2 cm long, bracteoles suborbicular, ca. 1 mm long; corolla white, turning yellowish or tinged pink, 2-lipped, 2-3 cm long. Berries bluish black, globose, 6-7 mm in diameter" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 495).
Habitat/ecology: Mesic to wet upland areas. Can grow up and over small trees and shrubs, smothering them. It can form a scattered layer on the forest floor, rapidly climbing into the canopy if disturbance increases the light level (Randall & Marinelli, 1996; p. 149). In Hawaii, occurs in mesic to wet areas...from sea level to at least 4,000 feet; smothers plants in mesic to wet forests (Motooka et al., 2003). In Fiji, "cultivated and sparingly naturalized from near sea level to an elevation of about 850 m" (Smith, 1988; p. 377). In New Zealand, "abundantly naturalised in many areas but less common in southern parts of the South Island. Disturbed forest, especially common around margins and in clearing, also in stands of introduced species and scrub" (Webb et al., 1988). In Australia, "it has the ability to smother vegetation and exclude the growth of native species, particularly at the low shrub and grass/forb level" (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 175).
Propagation: "Fruit eating birds spread the seeds, stems root down where they touch the ground, and roots make new shoots. This plant is also often dumped on bushland and roadside edges" (Weeds of Blue Mountains bushland).
Native range: Japan, Korea and China; widely naturalized in the eastern United States (Staples & Herbst, 2005; p. 221).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (pp. 5, 13) |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5) |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 135613)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 8)
"Presumably escaped from cultivation. It now occurs in the lower parts of the National Park and should be watched very carefully as it can become a noxious weed, destroying the native vegetation by smothering it". Vouchers cited: P.S. Green 1369 (A), J.D. McComish 142 (NSW) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 555) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
cultivated
|
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 11) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
cultivated
|
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
cultivated
|
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
cultivated
|
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 11) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 14)
Single plant seen, Okat. Potenially invasive. |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Rotuma Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1938) (voucher ID: BISH 615062)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1988) (p. 377)
Vouchers cited: Smith 5025, DA 12152, DA 16781 Sparingly naturalized. |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 32954)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 32955)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 24)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 11077 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Huahine Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 28) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 60)
Voucher cited: BRY 26551 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 28) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 4025 (PAP) Ornementale peu commune. |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 492186)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Makatea (Maatea) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 5768 (PAP) Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 80345)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 550754)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rimatara (Rimitara) Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 80176)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6199 (PAP) Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 80263)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Cultivée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 80347)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 66) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 495)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 33294 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 495) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2002) (p. 19)
East Maui. Vouchers cited: Starr & Martz 980826-17 (BISH), Starr & Martz 981209-1 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Frohlich, Danielle/Lau, Alex (2008) (p. 5)
Voucher cited: J. Preble 2007120801 |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 81) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 57)
Voucher cited: CHR 168864 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 114)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 10198 (BISH) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 15) |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 104)
"Potential invader; gardens". |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, H. (1987) (p. 52)
Voucher cited: Fosberg & B. Christian 11172 |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Paulay, Gustav/Spencer, T./Oliver, Royce (1989) (p. 15)
Voucher cited: Paulay, Spencer & Schuster 672 (US) |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 10760 (PAP) Cultivée |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 643156)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Savaii Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 10) |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Savaii Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1931) (voucher ID: BISH 135612)
Taxon name on voucher: Lonicera japonica Thunb. |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 87) |
Tonga
Haapai Group |
Lifuka and Foa Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7) |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7) |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 175) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Frequently cultivated, sometimes naturalized in moist gullies. |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
South Australia |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 175) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Scrub, sparse forests, mountain slopes, stony places, roadsides; (800-) 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 272)
On hillslopes or in thickets. |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku |
North Korea
North Korea |
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South Korea
South Korea |
South Korea (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Owen, S. J. (1997) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 467)
"Disturbed forest, especially common around margins and in clearings, also in stands of introduced spp. and scrub". |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 57)
Cultivated only |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 220) | |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Scrub, sparse forests, mountain slopes, stony places, roadsides; (800-) 1500 m. |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 118) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Très envahissant" |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
Baret, Stephane/Rouget, Mathieu/Richardson, David M./Lavergne, Christophe/Egoh, Benis/Dupont, Joel/Strasberg, Dominique (2006) (p. 758) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
Ontario |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Comments: Becoming a serious pest in Hawaii. Also a pest in Australia and elsewhere in the US. On New Zealand noxious weed list and banned from sale in that country. A pest plant on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Reported to be invasive in the Canary Islands.
Control: Additional control information from the Bugwood Wiki.
Physical: Individual plants may be dug out with difficulty, but pulling, cutting, mowing or burning generally stimulates dense regrowth.
Chemical: Escort 35 g + 100 ml Pulse/100 l water by handgun or 5 g + 10 ml Pulse/10l water knapsack; Tordon Brushkiller 0.6% handgun or knapsack; Roundup found to be ineffective. Vines can be cut and regrowth sprayed with 1% Roundup plus 0.1% Pulse or Escort 2 gm per 10 l water plus 10 ml Pulse (Timmins and Mackenzie, 1995; pp. 171-173). Check for resprouting.
"Sensitive to hormone-type herbicides and to metsulfuron and glyphosate" (Motooka et al., 2003).
"1. Cut and paint stump: within 10-15 minutes of
cutting, paint cut surfaces with a liberal dose of triclopyr 600 EC (100ml/L) or
Yates Woody Weedkiller (200ml/L).
2. Cut and paint stump (all year round): metsulfuron-methyl 600g/kg (5 g /L) or
Tordon Brushkiller (200ml/L) or Vigilant gel. Leave vines in trees to die,
dispose of cut stems at a refuse transfer station, burn or bury deeply.
3. Cut the vines at a convenient height in winter and spray the regrowth in the
spring with glyphosate (10ml/L + penetrant) or metsulfuron-methyl 600g/kg
(2g/10L + penetrant).
4. Spray (summer-autumn): glyphosate (10ml/L) or metsulfuron-methyl 600g/kg
(5g/10L + penetrant) or clopyralid (50ml/10L) or Tordon Brushkiller (60ml/10L)"
(Weedbusters New Zealand).