L., Lamiaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? yes
Risk assessment results: Reject, score: 18 (Go to the risk assessment).
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: bao gai cao |
English: common henbit, giraffehead, henbit, henbit dead-nettle |
Habit: herb
Description: "Annual herbs to 3-4 dm tall, from a taproot. Leaves orbicular to ovate-orbicular, 0.7-2.5 (-4) cm long and about as wide, inconspicuously hirsute, strigose, or subglabrous; margins crenate or lobed, subsessile. Flowers sometimes cleistogamous, in relatively few verticillasters, these usually widely spaced; calyx 5-8 mm long, hirsute, lobes about as long as tube; corolla pinkish purple, 12-20 mm long, upper lip 4-5.5 mm long, entire, lower lip obcordate, ca. 4 mm long, lateral lobes minute, linear; anthers pubescent" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 802).
"Herbs annual or biennial. Stems to 30 cm, much branched at base, ascending, subglabrous. Upper leaves sessile; petiole of basal leaves at least as long as blade; leaf blade circular to reniform, 1-2 x 0.7-1.5 cm, sparsely strigose, base truncate to broadly truncate-cuneate, semi-clasping, margin deeply crenate to almost palmately lobed, apex rounded. Verticillasters 6-10-flowered; bracts ca. 4 x 0.3 mm, ciliate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-5 x 1.7-2 mm, densely villous, glabrous except for white villous apically inside; teeth lanceolate-subulate, 1.5-2 mm, margin ciliate. Corolla purple-red or reddish, ca. 1.7 cm, puberulent; tube ca. 1.3 cm, throat ca. 3 mm wide, annulus absent; upper lip densely purple-red pubescent on outside, straight, oblong, ca. 4 mm, apex slightly curved; lower lip slightly longer; middle lobe obcordate, 2-lobulate. Filaments glabrous; anthers hirsute. Nutlets grayish yellow, obovoid, triquetrous, constricted at base, ca. 2 x 1 mm, white tuberculate" (Flora of China online).
Habitat/ecology: In New Zealand, "waste places such as roadsides, railway yards and building sites, also on arable land" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 772). In China, "roadsides, forest margins, marshes, sometimes weed in fields; 0-4000 m" (Flora of China online).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "Native to Eurasia and northern Africa, widely but sparingly naturalized elsewhere" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 802).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Australian Biological Resources Study (2013) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 802)
Voucher cited: R. Nagata 82-4 (HLA) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wysong, Michael/Hughes, Guy/Wood, K. R. (2007) (p. 5)
Voucher cited: K.R. Wood & Hughes 10599 (PTBG) |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands | Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) | |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
native
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Roadsides, forest margins, marshes, sometimes weed in fields; 0-4000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang. |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
North Korea
North Korea |
North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South Korea
South Korea |
South Korea (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 772) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Belov, Michail (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Lamium amplexicaule, please let us know.