Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier, Crassulaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier) A. Berger

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Mexican hat plant, devil's backbone, mother of millions

Spanish: dulcamara, siempreviva

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Perennial, glabrous, succulent herb. Stem 30-150 cm high, branched, erect, stout. Leaves simple, opposite, succulent, oblong-lanceolate, serrate, obtuse, 15-28 x 2-5 cm, purple blotched beneath, petiole 2-5 cm long. Inflorescence compound cyme. Flowers pendulous, large, bisexual, 4-merous, pedicel 4-6 mm long. Calyx gamosepalous, lobes glabrous, acute, 4-7 x 2-4 mm. Corolla tubular, 18-23 x 3-4 mm, glabrous, purple, lobes obovate, round at the apex. Filaments inserted at the middle of corolla-tube. Carpels 4, styles smaller than the ovary, numerous ovules per locule. Nectar scales oblong, 1.5-2 x 0.3-1 mm. Follicles, 7-10 x 2-4 mm. Seed 0.6-1 x 0.2-0.3 mm, oblong with longitudinal striae" (Flora of Pakistan).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "locally naturalized on Kauai where it occurs on cliffs in dry Leucaena secondary vegetation with other naturalized succulents" (Lorence et al., 1995; p. 33).

Propagation:  Primarily vegetatively, from plantlets.

Native range:  Madagascar; also cultivated and naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Fiji Islands	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 36)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Parker, James L./Parsons, Bobby (2010) (p. 41) Voucher cited: J. Parker & R. McGuire BIED2 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy W./Wagner, Warren L. (1995) (p. 33) Voucher cited: D. Lorence & T. Flynn 7431 (PTBG) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, Randal T. (2002) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H109919 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2006) (p. 34) East Maui. Voucher cited: Starr, Starr & Wysong 040331-3 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2002) (p. 9) Voucher cited: C. Annable & D. Atha 3119 (BISH)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 86)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 43) Vouchers cited: MacKee 22511, MacKee 41701 Spontané
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced cultivated	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (pp. 74-75) One cultivated plant. Voucher cited: CHR 168853

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 2) Bryophyllum daigremontianum x Bryophyllum delagoense (hybrid mother-of-millions).
China China	Hong Kong	introduced cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 123) Ornamental.
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 569)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Kalanchoe daigremontiana, please let us know.