Kunth., Poaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: di wen ya zui cao |
English: centipede grass, lacuntu grass, lucuntu grass, stalkleaf murainagrass, waindoi grass |
Fijian: Waindoi grass |
Habit: grass
Description: "Culms sometimes rooting at the lower nodes and substoloniferous, giving rise to axillary and terminal flowering shoots 15-60 cm tall; leaf-sheaths tight, hairy round the node, fringed towards the throat, 3-6 cm long; blades commonly to 12 cm long by 8 mm wide, exceptionally larger, stiff, petioled, gradually narrowed to the base, surface glabrous or with scattered soft hairs and prominent long stiff bulbous-based hairs toward the throat, margins crisped; ligule a membrane confluent with the auricles 2 mm deep. Inflorescence well exserted, of 2 (rarely 3) closely opposed racemes to 10 cm long, of pairs of spikelets, one sessile, one pedicelled, alternately on one side of the triangular rachis, hairy along the angles, rachis-internode 3 mm long, pedicels a little longer, similarly hairy, more or less divergent. Sessile spikelet: 4-5 mm long, callus rather narrow, hairy; lower glume 8-nerved, indurated below, foliar above and infolded about the outermost nerves which are prolonged to form 2 points, on the back of these 2 narrow fringed wings for the upper one-quarter, the whole narrowing upwards, 4.8 mm long; upper glume narrowly boat-shaped, narrowed to a long slender point with a distinct scaberulous point from the midnerve, 6 mm long plus point 2.2 mm; lower lemma 3-nerved, hyaline, 3-nerved below the notch, the 3 nerves confluent into a kneed and twisted awn, lemma 2.0 mm to the notch plus 1.6 mm to the tips plus awn 1.65 cm long; palea 3.6 mm, hyaline, 2-nerved, stigmata 2, purple. Pedicelled spikelet with the lower glume slightly winged on the keel, apex not bilobed, awn of the upper lemma shorter and weaker" (Gilliland, 1971; pp. 264-265).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: "Roadsides, forest margins, heavy and light soils, rain-fed and upland rice fields. Prefers sites that are neither too wet nor too dry. Lowlands to 2000 m altitude. Weed of cropping and plantations." (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1998; pp. 75-76).
In Malaya, common in open grassy places (Gilliland, 1971; pp. 264-265). In Fiji, "reported to have been accidentally introduced into Fiji about 1914. [C]ommon in the vicinity of Waindoi, where it occurs up to an elevation of about 90 m on flat land and open hillsides" (Smith, 1979; p. 373).
Propagation: "Seed reported to be wind-dispersed. Vegetative propagation from stem fragments broken during cultivation" (Waterhouse & Mitchell, 1998; pp. 75-76).
Native range: Southern and southeastern Asia; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 83860)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 47) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 69-70)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 60260 (US) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 47) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
possibly introduced
invasive |
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 58)
Vouchers cited: F.R. Fosberg 26273 (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 58457 (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 58561 (BISH), F.R. Fosberg 60529 (BISH), L. Raulerson 25203 (BISH) Naturalized |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 69-70)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58561 (US, BISH), Fosberg 60529 (US, BISH), Fosberg 58457 (US, BISH) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 595022)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 595041)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 595042)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 595043)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1993) (voucher ID: BISH 660166)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 1001458)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Woleai Atoll |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 47) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Woleai Atoll |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 69-70)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 47039 (US, BISH, POM), Fosberg 47036 (US) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 47) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 69-70)
Vouchers cited: Hosaka 3286 (US, BISH, POM), Cushing & Cushing 340b (US) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 372)
Vouchers cited: DA 8361, DA 8370, DA 11425, DA 8454, DA 3957 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 31708)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
|
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1996) (pp. 11-12)
East Maui. Voucher cited: Hosaka 2596 (US) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 47) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 69-70)
Voucher cited: Stone 4617 (GUAM) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 47) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 69-70)
Voucher cited: Burcham 151 (US) |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417638)
Taxon name on voucher: Ischaemum timorense Kunth. |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Fields, damp wayside places; below 100 m. Guangdong |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
uncertain if introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 51)
Weed of uncertain origin |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Fields, damp wayside places; below 100 m. |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Ischaemum timorense, please let us know.