Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Indigofera suffruticosa
Mill., Fabaceae
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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

More information needed, score: 6 (Go to the risk assessment (Australia))
High risk, score: 11 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))

Other Latin names:  Indigofera anil L.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: aniles

Chinese: ye qing shu

English: Guatemala indigo, anil, anil indigo, indigo, wild indigo

Fijian: vaivai

French: indigotier sauvage

Hawaiian: ‘inikō, inikoa, kolū

Maori (Cook Islands): ‘initiko

Samoan: la‘au failafo

Spanish: añil, añil de pasto

Tongan: ‘akauveli

Wallisian: ‘akauveli

Habit:  shrub

Description:  "Shrubs or shrublets, erect, 0.8-1.5 m tall. Stems grayish green, with appressed medifixed symmetrically 2-branched trichomes. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 4 mm. Leaves 5-10 cm, 11-15 (-19)-foliolate; petiole and rachis adaxially grooved, with appressed medifixed trichomes; petiole ca. 1.5 cm; leaflet blades oblong to oblanceolate, 1-4 x 0.5-1.5 cm, abaxially pale green and with appressed medifixed trichomes, adaxially green and with dense appressed medifixed trichomes or glabrescent, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acute to rarely rounded. Racemes 2-3 cm, densely flowered; peduncle very short or absent; bracts linear, ca. 2 mm, caducous, abaxially with appressed medifixed trichomes. Pedicel reflexed in fruit. Calyx ca. 1.5 mm, outside hairy; teeth broadly triangular, as long as tube. Corolla red; standard obovate, 4-5 mm, outside with dense brown trichomes; keel as long as wings, hairy. Stamens 3-4 mm; anthers globose, glabrous, apex mucronate. Ovary densely hairy. Legume deflexed and upwardly falcate, 1-1.5 cm, hairy; endocarp blotched. Seeds 6-8, brown, shortly cylindric, both ends truncate"  (Flora of China online).

"Erect branching shrub to 1 m tall, younger parts pubescent; leaves pinnate, 7-13 cm long; leaflets mostly 9 or 11 (but to 17), dark green, lanceolate-oblong or slightly obovate, puberulent at least dorsally, mucronulate, 1.5-3 cm long, about 4-12 mm wide; rachis reddish-bristly; flowers in slender racemes to 9 cm long; pedicels scarcely 1 mm long; flowers about 3 mm long; corolla pinkish-red; standard obovate; pods curved, reflexed, mostly 1-2.5 cm long, 3-8 seeded, terete, borne packed in clusters" (Stone, 1970; p. 355).

"Arbuste de 1 à 2,5 m de hauteur, reconnaissable à ses feuilles composées de 4 à 8 folioles ovales, ses inflorescences composées de fleurs de couleur rose-saumon et ses petites gousses cylindriques et recourbées contenant 4 à 6 graines cylindriques" (Meyer, 2008; p. 32).

Habitat/ecology:  "Occasional to common on roadsides, bush fallow, and other disturbed places" (Whistler, 1983; p. 48). In Hawai‘i, naturalizes primarily in dry, highly disturbed areas, 3 to 1,160 m (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 676, 1877). In Guam, naturalized "in old fields and along roadsides" (Stone, 1970; p. 355). In Tonga, "a common clearing and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; pp. 138-139).  "In Puerto Rico, the species grows from near sea level to about 700 m in elevation in areas that receive from about 750 to 1800 mm of precipitation annually. Soils derived from volcanic and sedimentary rocks in a wide range of soil textures are colonized. Good drainage is required, but not high fertility. Wild indigo is not shade tolerant and will not grow under a closed forest stand"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Wild indigo is native to Southern United States through tropical and subtropical South America as well as the Caribbean Islands (Howard 1988)"  (Wildland shrubs of the United States and its territories).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 46)
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Whistler, W. A. (1990)
Vouchers cited: Garber 550, Harris 271, Yuncker 9053, Whistler 1382
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 41)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9127 (BISH), Garber 550 (BISH), W. Harris 271 (BISH)
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 418089)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1937) (voucher ID: BISH 698015)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 698020)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 698025)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
American Samoa
Manu‘a Islands
Ta‘u Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 698027)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Tutuila Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 35)
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands
Tutuila Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1923) (voucher ID: BISH 698019)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands
Norfolk Island introduced
invasive
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 9)
"Uncommon on the Island and possibly only recently introduced, probably by accident". Voucher cited: P.S. Green 1908 (K)
Chile (offshore islands)
Rapa Nui (Easter) Island
Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua) introduced
invasive
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2008) (pp. 32, 42)
"Nous avons observé un unique individu en bordure de route à Vaitea. Une prospection approfondie dans ces zones s’avère nécessaire afin de répérer et d’éliminer tous les individus" (Meyer, 2008; p. 32).
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands
Tinian Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 112)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands
Tinian Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154579)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands
Tinian Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 593728)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan
Saipan Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 112)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan
Saipan Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154580)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan
Saipan Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 154582)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Aitutaki Atoll   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Aitutaki Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 14)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Aitutaki Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 10221)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
‘Atiu Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
‘Atiu Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 14)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Mangaia Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Mangaia Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 14)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Ma‘uke Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Ma‘uke Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 14)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Rarotonga Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Rarotonga Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 14)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Rarotonga Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 697998)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group
Floreana Island introduced
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands
Yap (Waqab) Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 112)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Lakemba Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 183)
Vouchers cited: Tothill 102, Garnock-Jones 903
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 183)
Voucher cited: Greenwood 393D
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 183)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 393, DA11760, Greenwood 393 B, DA 11323, Vaughan 3202, Bola 104, Smith 9462, Greenwood 393A
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 14568)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 14570)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1955) (voucher ID: BISH 14571)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1955) (voucher ID: BISH 14572)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 154594)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 154595)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 698030)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Hiva Oa Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 4115 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 491152)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island introduced
invasive
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 4435 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 554400)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Moorea Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Raiatea (Havai) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 153)
Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 61, BRY 26335
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: F.R. Fosberg 2274 (PAP)
Adventice
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 493539)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands
Tubuai Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island introduced
invasive
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 335)
Voucher cited: Stone 4864 (GUAM)
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 112)
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 23043)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1918) (voucher ID: BISH 154574)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1911) (voucher ID: BISH 154575)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 154577)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1963) (voucher ID: BISH 154578)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154581)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 154583)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Guam
Guam Island
Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 659286)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaho‘olawe Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaua‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Lāna‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Maui Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
Hughes, Guy D'Oyly (1995) (p. 6)
Voucher cited: Hughes s.n. (BISH)
Common throughout all lowland areas.
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Ni‘ihau Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
O‘ahu Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 676)
New Caledonia
Îles Bélep (Belep Islands)
Île Art introduced
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 85)
Voucher cited: MacKee 19433
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Île Maré introduced
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 85)
Voucher cited: Däniker 2550
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll) introduced
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 85)
Voucher cited: Däniker 2330
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Islands   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
New Caledonia
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Islands introduced
invasive
cultivated
Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 382)
Rudérale, nombreuses localités
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île Baaba introduced
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 85)
Voucher cited: MacKee 23225
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île Grande Terre introduced
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 85)
Vouchers cited: Pancher s.n. s.loc., Savés s.n., Schlechter 14901, Sarlin 53, MacKee 1994, MacKee 9933, MacKee 31727
Niue
Niue
Niue Island introduced
invasive
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 25)
Voucher cited: Sykes 1127
Niue
Niue
Niue Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 15)
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago probably introduced
Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 229)
Only near houses, probably introduced.
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Philippines
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands cultivated
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (pp. 275-276)
In wast places in and about towns, locally abundant; occasionally cultivated
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Savai‘i Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 12)
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Savai‘i Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1931) (voucher ID: BISH 698017)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 12)
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 698016)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1893) (voucher ID: BISH 698018)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 698026)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands introduced
invasive
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 83)
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
Ha‘ano Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7)
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
Lifuka Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 138-139)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15757
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
Lifuka Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 698028)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
Lifuka and Foa Islands introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7)
Tonga
Ha‘apai Group
‘Uiha Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7)
Tonga
Tonga Islands
Tonga Islands   Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 138-139)
"Throughout Tonga"
Tonga
Tonga Islands
Tonga Islands   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 698022)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7)
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 30)
Vouchers cited: Soakai 410, Soakai 948 (EI)
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 138-139)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15481
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41297)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 603514)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
‘Eua Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 698029)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7)
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 30)
Vouchers cited: Moseley s.n., Lawrence 5, Lawrence 65, Soakai 274
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 138-139)
Vouchers cited: Hülimann 35, Yuncker 15062
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 41220)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 41265)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 698021)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 698023)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Niuafo‘ou Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 138)
Voucher cited: Hülimann 653
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Niuatoputapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 456084)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Vava‘u Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 7)
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Vava‘u Island   Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 138)
Cited: Crosby.
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands
Êfaté (Efete) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 424724)
Taxon name on voucher: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands
Vanuatu (Republic of)   Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Australia
Australia (continental)
Australia (continental) introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Costa Rica (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
El Salvador (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Guatemala (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Honduras (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Nicaragua (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim)
Panama (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
China
China
China (People's Republic of) introduced
invasive
cultivated
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
China
China
Hong Kong introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 147)
Japan
Japan
Japan introduced
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 184)
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico (United Mexican States) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore (Republic of) introduced
invasive
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 50)
Naturalised
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Chile (Republic of) uncertain if native
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Colombia native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Colombia uncertain if native
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Perú (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Perú (Republic of) uncertain if native
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Taiwan
Taiwan Island
Taiwan Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island
La Réunion Island introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)
Mauritius Island introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)
Rodrigues Island introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Frégate Island   Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 52)
Vouchers cited: Procter 4173, Robertson 2694
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Seychelles Islands introduced
ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Seychelles Islands introduced
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)
Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states)
United States (other states) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states)
USA (Florida) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Comments:  A major weed species in Tonga (Space & Flynn, 2001).

Control:  "La lutte manuelle par arrachage semble possible avec éventuellement un traitement chimique des souches avec un herbicide à base de triclopyr et/ou dicamba" (Meyer, 2008; p. 33).


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This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 14 DEC 2010.