Haematoxylum campechianum L., Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

Reject, score: 8 (Go to the risk assessment (Australia))
High risk, score: 8 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: cai mu

English: bloodwood tree, campeachy wood, campeche, campechewood, logwood

French: bois de campêche, campêche, hématoxyle campêche

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Thorny trees 3-10 m tall.  Lower leaves bipinnately compound, pinnae 1 pair, leaflets 3-5 pairs per pinnae or rachis, usually obovate, 1-3 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, densely obliquely veined, apex rounded or emarginate.  Flowers fragrant, 12-16 mm in diameter; sepals yellow or purple-tinged; petals yellow. Pods 4-6 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide.  Seeds brown, longitudinally reniform, 5-7 mm long, 2-3 mm in diameter"  (Wagner et al.. 1999; pp. 674-675).

Description from Flora of China online.

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, sparingly naturalized in low elevation, dry sites at least on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i, but probably also on other of the main islands.  (C.W. Smith, 1985; p. 232). In New Caledonia, "devenu envahissant à Koné mais y reste très localisé" (MacKee, 1994; p. 75).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Belize, Guatemala, Mexico; cultivated and naturalized elsewere in the tropics (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 96) Vouchers cited: DA 8303, DA 1556, DA 3305, DA 3308, DA 16077
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 8393 (PAP), J. Florence (legit R. Jamet) 8384 (PAP) Naturalisée
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 541028) Taxon name on voucher: Haematoxylum campechianum (L.)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 541033) Taxon name on voucher: Haematoxylum campechianum (L.)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 674-675)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 674-675)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 674-675)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 674-675)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 75) Vouchers cited: Metzger 79, Blanchon 944 (NOU), MacKee 22757, Jaffré 1941
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2013) "Favours disturbed sites such as the verges of roads and stream banks. Tends to form dense impenetrable thickets".
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)	native	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Guangdong (Guangzhou), Yunnan
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Yucatan
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced	Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013) Naturalisée, potentiellement envahissant.
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	introduced invasive	Kueffer, C./Mauremootoo, J. (2004) (pp. 7, 8)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Rodrigues Island	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	introduced	Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Comments:  A weed species in Barbados and other West Indian Islands (C.W. Smith, 1985; p. 232).

Reported invasive in Jamaica

Control:  If you know of control methods for Haematoxylum campechianum, please let us know.