(L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Caryophyllaceae
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(L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Caryophyllaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
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English: chickweed, drymaria, heartleaf drymary, tropical chickweed, West Indian chickweed |
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French: mourron blanc |
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Hawaiian: pilipili, pipili |
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Spanish: chischina, drimaria, golondrina, nervillo, pajarera, palitaria, pega-pinto, yerba de estrella |
Habit: herb
Description: "A straggling herb with procumbent and more or less ascending branched stems, often rooting at the lower nodes, quadrangular, glabrous or papillose especially in the upper internodes; internodes slender, generally 2-6 cm long. Leaves opposite, blades ovate to very broadly ovate, acute or subacute and shortly apiculate or even rounded at apex, cordate, truncate, or shortly cuneate at base, 1 cm long and 0.6 cm broad up to 3.5 cm long and 3.0 cm broad, 3-7-palminerved, glabrous; petioles 2-7 mm long; stipules interpetiolar, about 1 mm long, deeply fringed or composed of a number of subulate segments. Cymes terminal or axillary, often loose on long slender peduncles and with slender branches; pedicels at anthesis mostly 3-5 mm long. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3.5-5 mm long, keeled along the papillose midrib, with one nerve on each side; the 'flowers' (presumably the sepals) are said to be 'sticky'. Petals 3 mm long, white. Ovules usually about 3. Seeds 1.5 mm in greatest diameter, bluntly tubercled" (Turrill & Milne-Redhead, 1956; pp. 9, 11).
Habitat/ecology: "While seldom a weed of cultivated areas, it invades plantation crops such as tea and coffee, as well as pastures, lawns, gardens, riverbanks, ditches, and even sandbars in rivers" (Holm et al., 1997; p. 304).
In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in shaded, moist sites, 10-1,280 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 505). In Fiji, "found along roadsides or in plantations near sea level" (Smith, 1981; p. 274). Moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 250). In New Caledonia, "récolté une seule fois bien que localement commun selon le collecteur" (MacKee, 1994; p. 28). In New Guinea, "shade and moisture-loving; a weed of gardens and plantations. From near sea level to at least 2000 m" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 61).
Propagation: Seed; rooting from nodes.
Native range: Probably indigenous in the Galápagos Islands and in lowland areas of Columbia, Peru, and Bolivia (Smith, 1981; p. 274).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 274)
Vouchers cited: DA 14414, DA 13274 |
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French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (p. 99) |
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French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J. (2004) (p. 99) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawai‘i (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 505) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kaua‘i Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 505) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lāna‘i Island |
introduced
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Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 134) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lāna‘i Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 21)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer & J. Penniman H50612 (BISH, PTBG) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 505) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Moloka‘i Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 505) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
O‘ahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 505) |
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Japan (offshore islands)
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands | Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) | |
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New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
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MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 28)
Voucher cited: Däniker 1866 (Z) |
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 61) |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 304) | |
| Indian Ocean | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Frégate Island |
Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 48)
Voucher cited: Todd 14 |
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Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Platte Island |
Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 159)
Voucher cited: Robertson 2998 (K) |
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Additional information:
Additional online information about Drymaria cordata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Information about Drymaria cordata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Taxonomic information about Drymaria cordata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
References:
Cardenas, Juan/Reys, Carlos E./Doll, Jerry D./Pardo, Fernando. 1972. Tropical weeds; malezas tropicales, vol. 1. International Plant Protection Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis. 341 pp.
Florence, J. 2004. Flore de la Polynésie française, Vol. 2. Paris. IRE Editions, Publications Scientifiques, Collection Faune et Flore Tropicales 41. 503 pp.
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. 1975. Weeds of New Guinea and their control. 2nd edition. Department of Forests, Division of Botany, Botany Bull. No. 7. Lae, Papua New Guinea. 180 pp.
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution. John Wiley & Sons. 1129 pp.
Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.
Kato, Hidetoshi. 2007. Herbarium records of Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University. Personal communication.
MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.
McMullen, C. K. 1999. Flowering plants of the Galápagos. Comstock Pub. Assoc., Ithaca, N.Y. 370 p.
Oppenheimer, Hank. 2007. New plant records from Moloka‘i, Lāna‘i, Maui, and Hawai‘i for 2006. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2006. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96:17-34.
Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. 1983. List of plants collected on Platte Island, Seychelles. In: Sachet, M. H., D. R. Stoddart, and F. R. Fosberg. Floristics and ecology of Western Indian Ocean islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 273. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 253 pp.
Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. 1983. Vegetation of Frégate Island, Seychelles. In: Sachet, M. H., D. R. Stoddart, and F. R. Fosberg. Floristics and ecology of Western Indian Ocean islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 273. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 253 pp.
Smith, Albert C. 1981. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 2. 810 pp.
Swarbrick, John T. 1997. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. Technical paper no. 209. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 124 pp.
Turrill, W. B. and E. Milne-Redhead, eds. 1956. Caryophyllaceae. Flora of tropical east Africa. Crown Agents, London.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).
Wester, Lyndon. 1992. Origin and distribution of adventive flowering plants in Hawai‘i. In: Stone, Charles P.; Smith, Clifford W. and Tunison, J. Timothy. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research. University of Hawaii, Cooperative National Park Research Studies Unit, Honolulu. University of Hawaii Press. .
Wiggins, I. L./Porter, D. M. 1971. Flora of the Galapágos Islands. Stanford University Press. 998 pp.