(Forssk.) Stapf, Poaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: shuang hua cao |
English: Angleton grass, Diaz bluestem, Hindi grass, Kleberg bluestem, bluestem, marvel grass, ringed dichanthium, sheda grass, two-flowered goldenbeard, vunda blue grass |
Habit: grass
Description: "Perennials; culms 25-100 cm tall, geniculately ascending, nodes pubescent. Sheaths lax, terete, 3-4 cm long, glabrous except finely pubescent on margins near throat; ligule a shallow membrane, ca. 1.5 mm long; blades linear-acuminate, 3-30 cm long, 2-7 mm wide, margins sparsely pubescent and scaberulous, apex attenuate, base subcordate. Inflorescences composed of (1) 2-15 subdigitate, short-pedunculate racemes, each raceme 3-7 cm long, peduncles glabrous; spikelet pairs subimbricate along a slender filiform axis, with 0-6 smaller homogamous spikelet pairs at base, the joints and pedicels flattened, margins setose; sessile spikelet narrowly oblong, 2-6 mm long, first glume cartilaginous, slightly concave, villous below the middle, pubescent with long bulbous-based hairs above the middle, obscurely nerved, margins inflexed, apex obtuse to subacute, second glume narrowly boat-shaped, 2-6 mm long, 3-nerved, scabrid on back of the midnerve toward apex, obscurely scaberulous over the back toward apex, hyaline, first lemma delicately hyaline, oblong-rounded, setose near tip, ca. 2 mm long, palea absent, second lemma linear, ca. 1.6 mm long, hyaline, with the central nerve excurrent as a geniculate, twisted awn 8-25 mm long; pedicellate spikelet with first glume narrowly ovate-truncate, ca. 3 mm long, 11-nerved, pectinate-setose along the back of the inflexed margins, midnerve setose on the back toward apex. Caryopsis oblong to obovate, dorsally compressed, ca. 2 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1528).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: In Hawaii, "naturalized in lawns, urban areas, and along roadsides, 10-340 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1528). In Fiji, "from sea level to about 150 m on open hillsides, seashores, in canefields, and along roadsides" (Smith, 1979; p. 384). In New Caledonia, "commun en pâturages, bords de routes et autres lieux incultes" (MacKee, 1994; p. 59). "Occasional in disturbed places, particularly in dry coastal areas" (Whistler, 1988; p. 50).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Northern Africa through the Middle East to India and Indonesia (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1528).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
probably introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 384-385)
Voucher cited: DA 8722 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
probably introduced
invasive cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 384-385)
Vouchers cited: DA 9732, DA 15211, DA 9734, DA 10285, DA 3496, Gillespie 3163.9, DA 7383, Degener & Ordonez 13512, DA 9106, DA 2024 |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, Randal T. (2002) (p. 10)
West Maui. Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H40028 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Hughes, Guy D'Oyly (1995) (p. 8)
Voucher cited: Hughes 317 (US) Sparingly naturalized along roadsides. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1528)
Voucher cited: Mann & Brigham 115 (BISH) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 380)
Commune en pâturages, bords de routes et autres lieux incultes. |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 59)
Voucher cited: Vieillard 1513 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 239)
Voucher cited: CHR 168786 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 50)
Uncommon |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1982) (voucher ID: BNM 3160)
Taxon name on voucher: Dichanthium annulatum |
|
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Upolu Island |
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 50)
Voucher cited: Whistler 5127 |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Naturalised |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Naturalised |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Naturalised |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Naturalised |
Cambodia
Cambodia |
Cambodia (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Mountain slopes, disturbed ground; 100-2200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 331)
On grassy hillslopes. |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 192) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 33)
Naturalised |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Mountain slopes, disturbed ground; 100-2200 m. |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
invasive |
Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 24) |
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 125) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
Louisiana, Texas |
Control: If you know of control methods for Dichanthium annulatum, please let us know.