Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 7 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: mao zhou suo cao

English: fuzzy flat sedge

Japanese: oni-gayatsuri

Habit:  sedge

Description:  "Annual or short-lived perennial; rhizome stoloniferous, the stolons slender, elongated, soft, distantly clothed with pale brown scales; culms solitary or few together, erect, 25-85 cm tall, acutely triquetrous, 0.3-0.5 cm broad, smooth or scabrid on angles below corymb; leaves few to several to a culm, shorter than culm; blades broadly linear, flattish, 6-8 mm broad, rather soft; sheaths short, pale greenish to pale brownish, withering without disintegrating into fibers; corymbs ample, compound to decompound, with 3-10 rays of unequal length; rays patent, thickish, 2-14 cm long; secondary corymbs with 2-5 raylets 0.5-2 cm long; spikes subpyramidal, subdense, 2-3 cm long, 1-2 cm broad, the rhachis subdensely hirsute with yellow-brown short hairs; spikelets spreading, linear-lanceolate, 5-15 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm broad, slightly swollen, 8-25-flowered, straw-colored and tinged with red-brown; rhachilla without wings; glumes subloosely disposed, broadly deltoid-ovate, acute at the often mucronulate apex, 1.8-2.2 mm long, thin-chartaceous to membranous, pale straw-colored and tinged or flecked with reddish brown, whitish-hyaline on margins, rather distinctly 5- or 7-nerved; achenes broadly elliptic to obovate, 3-sided, 1/2 to 2/3 as long as glume, dark brown at maturity; stigmas 3; style short; stamens 3"  (Smith, 1979; pp. 248-249).

Habitat/ecology:  "In Fiji it is a naturalized adventive, occurring near sea level along roadsides, in swamps and wet places along rivers, and in coconut plantations, pastures, cane fields and rice fields."  (Smith, 1979; pp. 248-249)  In Samoa, "uncommon on roadsides and in pastures" (Whistler, 1988; p. 42).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Tropical West Africa through central Asia and India to Japan, eastward to Malesia and northern Australia (Smith, 1979; pp. 248-249).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 248-249) Voucher cited: DA 8890
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 248-249) Vouchers cited: DA 8634, DA 11449, DA 9439, DA 10809, DA 10015, DA 7622, DA 7403, DA 8379, DA 8615, DA 10616, DA 10576
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2004) (voucher ID: PTBG 42495) Taxon name on voucher: Cyperus pilosus
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1399) Single collection in 1916. "It is uncertain if this species persists in Hawai'i." (Wagner et al., 1999). Voucher cited: Forbes 481.K (BISH)
Japan (offshore islands) Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands		Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 68)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 68)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 42) Uncommon.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 64)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Sparse forests, forest margins, grasslands on slopes, marshes, meadows, river margins, wet places, paddy fields, water margins, along trails, parks; near sea level to 2100 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (pp. 310-311) In marshes, paddy fields an other wet places.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Japan Japan	Japan	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	uncertain if introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 31) Weed of uncertain origin
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Sparse forests, forest margins, grasslands on slopes, marshes, meadows, river margins, wet places, paddy fields, water margins, along trails, parks; near sea level to 2100 m.
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina Naturalized
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized

Control:  If you know of control methods for Cyperus pilosus, please let us know.