Cyperus haspan L., Cyperaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Cyperus halpan L. [incorrect spelling]

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: qi pan suo cao

English: dwarf papyrus sedge, haspan flat sedge, sheathed cyperus

Japanese: ko-azegayatsuri

Spanish: papiro enano

Habit:  sedge

Description:  "Perennial, with red-purple fibrous roots; rhizomes slender, horizontal, short or elongated; culms solitary and arranged in a row along an elongated rhizome or tufted with a short rhizome, erect, mostly 10-50 cm tall, slender, trigonous, rather soft; leaves as a rule reduced to bladeless sheaths at base of culms; sheaths 2-10 cm long, pale green and usually tinged with brown, purple-brown, or red-purple; blades occasionally developing especially in relatively dry habitats, but short; corymbs compound or simple, lax, 8-15 cm long and broad; rays several, unequal, the longer ones 5-10 cm long, slender, the raylets, if developing, few, up to 2 cm long; leafy bracts 1 or 2, the longer one equaling to slightly shorter than corymb; spikelets digitately disposed at apices of rays or raylets, 4-6 together, linear-oblong, obtuse-tipped, flattened, 5-15 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, subdensely 10-28-flowered, the wingless rhachilla completely hidden by densely disposed glumes; glumes elliptic to lance-elliptic, ovate, about 1.5 mm long, membranous, pale brownish and often tinged or variegated with rusty-brown or purple-brown, slenderly 3-nerved, the greenish keel ending in a short mucro; achenes obovate, 3-sided, about 0.5 mm long, cream-yellow, tuberculate; style 1.5 times as long as achene; stigmas 3; stamens 3-1"  (Smith, 1979; pp. 252-253).

Habitat/ecology:  In Fiji, "occurs from near sea level to 160 m as a naturalized adventive, in wet open places, swamps, pastures, creek banks, and rice fields" (Smith, 1979; pp. 252-253).  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in wet, disturbed sites, especially in bogs, wet forest, and open, muddy areas, 3-1,700 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1397-1398, 1899).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Subtropical and tropical regions worldwide.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Chuuk Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 90)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Ulalu (Romonum) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 41) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 252-253) Vouchers cited: DA 5021, DA 10461, Degener & Ordonez 14105
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 252-253) Vouchers cited: Smith 9627, DA 9180 (McKee 2744), DA 7623, DA 7407, Greenwood 1134, DA 10612, Meebold 17104
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1396-1398)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1396-1398) Voucher cited: Stone 1665 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2008) (p. 27) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer & J. Perlman H50614 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1396-1398)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Hughes, Guy D'Oyly (1995) (p. 4) Voucher cited: Hughes 15 (BISH) Occasional in very wet forest areas to at least 800 m elevation.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wood, K. R. (2006) (p. 17) Voucher cited: K.R. Wood & J. Lau 10637 (PTBG)
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 90)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 47) Vouchers cited: MacKee 2337, Raynal 16440, MacKee 27981, MacKee 38160, Hoff 3521 (NOU)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1978) (voucher ID: BNM 1058) Taxon name on voucher: Cyperus halpan L.
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 66)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. Field notes)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Peleliu (Beliliou) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands		Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (pp. 105-106) In open wet places; a common and characteristic rice paddy weed.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Western Australia
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Panama (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Sparse forests, grasslands on mountain slopes, sand by river margins, swamps, ditch margins in valleys, wastelands, wet places, along trails, dry fields, paddy fields; near sea level to 1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, S Henan, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, SE Xizang, S Yunnan, Zhejiang.
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (pp. 309-310) As Cyperus halpan L. In wet places and paddy fields.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Japan Japan	Japan	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 270)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacan, Nayarit, Tabasco, Veracruz
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 64)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	uncertain if introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 31) Weed of uncertain origin
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Sparse forests, grasslands on mountain slopes, sand by river margins, swamps, ditch margins in valleys, wastelands, wet places, along trails, dry fields, paddy fields; near sea level to 1600 m.
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Comoros Comoro Islands	Comoro Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
India (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Andaman Islands	Andaman Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
India (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Nicobar Islands	Nicobar Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Seychelles Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Cyperus haspan, please let us know.