(L.) Schott, Araceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Arum esculentum L.; Caladium esculentum (L.) Vent.; Colocasia antiquorum Schott
Common name(s): [more details]
Chamorro: suni |
Chinese: yu |
Chuukese: óni, eot, oat, oot, sawa, wodj, woot, yoot |
English: cocoyam, dasheen, dry taro, eddo, elephant's-ear, madumbe, small taro, sweet taro, taro, true taro |
Fijian: dalo, dalo ni vuci, mba, mboka, mbotiki, ndalo, ndoko, nggau, qau, rourou, soli, suli, sulo, votuki |
French: arouille carri, colocasie, songe, songe blanc, songe sauvage |
Hawaiian: kalo |
I-Kiribati: te taororo, te taroro |
Korean: toran |
Kosraean: kohtahk, taka |
Kwaraae: alo, hui ni kerekere, tiko |
Malayan: daun keladi |
Mangarevan: pocea, taro, veo |
Maori (Cook Islands): māmio, taro, wāwā |
Marshallese: jibabwãi, kõtak, katak, kotāk |
Mokilese: jawa |
Nauruan: de taro |
Niuean: talo |
Palauan: bisupsal, dait, kukau |
Pingelapan: sewa |
Pohnpeian: enisohpoadok, onni, sauk, sawa, sawah |
Pukapukan: wāwā |
Samoan: talo, talo Niue |
Satawalese: wot omalu |
Spanish: alcocaz, colocasia, malanga, papa China, taro, tayoba |
Tahitian: taro |
Tokelauan: talo |
Tongan: talo, taro |
Tongarevan (spoken): talo |
Tongarevan (written): taro |
Tuvaluan: talo |
Ulithian: ioth |
Wallisian: talo |
Woleaian: uot, woot |
Yapese: lak, mal, mul, uot, wot |
Habit: herb
Description: "Acaulescent herbs up to 1 m tall. Leaf blades glaucescent on lowe3r surface, ovate-cordate to sagittate-cordate, peltate, 25-45 cm long, 12-32 cm wide, anterior lobe 3-4 times longer than posterior lobes, posterior lobes connate 1/3-3/4 their length, venation dark purple to yellow on lower surface, green on upper surface, primary lateral veins 3-8 per side, petioles terete, sheathed in basal 1/2, 40-180 cm long, green, green splotched with purple, or purple, fading to pink near base. Inflorescences 2-7 together, peduncles 15-50 cm long; spathe linear-lanceolate, (10-) 15-40 cm long, constricted 4-6 cm from base to form a greenish, oblong tube, the limb deflexed, yellowish; spadix exserted, 1/4-1/3 as long as spathe, 6-14 cm long, pistillate portion up to 2.5 cm long, sterile staminate portion constricted, 1.5-5 cm long, fertile staminate portion 2-4 cm long, with a shorter and narrower sterile appendage. Berries ellipsoid, 3-5 mm in diameter. Seeds ovoid, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1357).
Habitat/ecology: "Riparian habitats, marshes. Vegetative growth leads to dense populations and its large leaves shade out native vegetation. Extensive stands of this herb alter the vegetational structure and dynamics of riparian plant communities. Growth seems to be best in the silty soils lining the river-banks" (Weber, 2003; p. 114).
In Hawaii, "found persisting outside of cultivation" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1357).
Propagation: "The plant spreads vegetatively, and plants in the introduced range rarely produce inflorescences. Rhizome fragments are easily carried by streams, and floods can dislodge bud-laden rhizomes from the banks" (Weber, 2003; p. 114).
Native range: Thought to be native to India (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1357).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Ofu Island |
cultivated
|
Yuncker, T. G. (1945) (p. 28)
Voucher cited: Garber 1100 (BISH) |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Olosega Island |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Ragone, Diane/Lorence, David H. (2003) (p. 49) |
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Olosega Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 37105)
Taxon name on voucher: Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott |
|
American Samoa
Manua Islands |
Tau Island |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Ragone, Diane/Lorence, David H. (2003) (p. 49) |
American Samoa
Swain's Island |
Swain's Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 16)
Vouchers cited: Bryan 1364, Diefenderfer s.n. |
American Samoa
Tutuila Islands |
Tutuila Island | Setchell, William Albert (1924) (p. 108) | |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
|
Pickard, J. (1984) (p. 204) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 21)
"Naturalised from cultivation here and there". Vouchers cited: J. Pickard 3335 (NSW), A.N. Rodd 1436 & J. Pickard (NSW) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 11)
"Cultivated". Vouchers cited: W.R. Sykes NI 442 (CHR), W.R. Sykes NI 662(CHR), W.R. Sykes NI 848 (CHR) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 478, 524, 552)
Voucher cited: Danton I(5/365)1709. "Esta planta presenta hojas anchas y fuertes rizomas carnosos (es el taró polinesico) crece en lugares húmedos y bordes de esteros. Esta en via de naturalzación en el pueblo de San Juan Bautista y debe ser limitada y luego vigilada de muy muy cerca". |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 17-18)
Voucher cited: Anderson 413 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Anatahan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91)
? |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (pp. 17-18)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 31376 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Pagan Island |
introduced
|
Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 65)
Voucher cited: CBM-BS-59040 |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Manihiki Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Nassau Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Pukapuka Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Rakahanga Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Aitutaki Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Atiu Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mauke Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mitiaro Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Palmerston (Avarau) Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
McCormack, Gerald (2013) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group |
Floreana Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Dublon (Tonowas) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Etal (Ettan) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
East Fayu Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Fefan Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Losap Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll [xxx] |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Murilo (Mwiriné) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Nama Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll |
introduced
|
Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (pp. 77-78) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll | Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 29) | |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Namonuito (Namonweito, Nómwun Wiité) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Nomwin (Nómwiin) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Pulusuk Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 38)
Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 307 (GUAM) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Satawan Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Tol Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Udot Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Ulalu (Romonum) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 6) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Ant Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Kapingamarangi Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Mokil (Mwokil) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Nukuoro Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pingelap Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
|
Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 108) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 34)
Vouchers cited: M. J. Balick 4126 (NY, PTBG), A. Dores 125 (NY, PTBG), F. Sohl 36 (NY, PTBG), M. Takamatsu 118 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 231 (BISH), Takamatsu 280 (BISH), Takamatsu 751 (BISH), Takamatsu 769 (BISH) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2006) (voucher ID: PTBG 34892)
Taxon name on voucher: Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2000) (voucher ID: PTBG 42797)
Taxon name on voucher: Colocasia esculenta |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Eauripik Atoll |
introduced
|
Merlin, M./Kigfas, A./Keene, T./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 112) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Fais Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Fais Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 4)
Voucher cited: Evans 385 (US) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Faraulep (Faraulap) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Lamotrek Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 4)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 46863 (US) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Ulithi Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Woleai Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Yap (Waqab) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
native
cultivated abo. intro. |
Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 456-457)
Vouchers cited: Barrau 573, DA 815 |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Akamaru Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Akamaru Island |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 10)
Voucher cited: St. John 14695 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Aukena Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Aukena Island |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 10)
Voucher cited: St. John 14661 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Taravai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Fatu Hiva Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: D.H. Lorence, L. Dunn, S.P. Perlman, K.R. Wood & J.-Y. Meyer 9029 (PAP) Naturalized locally. |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island |
introduced
abo. intro. |
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Bora Bora Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 9) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Huahine Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 9) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 19) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 9) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 307)
Voucher cited: Moore 351 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Manuae (Scilly) Atoll (Society Islands) |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 9) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahaa Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 9) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahaa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 307)
Voucher cited: Grant 4633 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tetiaroa Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 38)
Voucher cited: Fosberg & Sachet 54644 (US); "not seen in 1982" |
French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago |
Takapoto Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 16) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Raivavae (Raevavae) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rapa Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
probably introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 120) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1357)
Persisting outside of cultivation. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1357)
Persisting outside of cultivation. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1357)
Persisting outside of cultivation. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1357)
Persisting outside of cultivation. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Niihau Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1357)
Persisting outside of cultivation. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated abo. intro. |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1357)
Persisting outside of cultivation. |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
introduced
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Var. aquatilis (Hassk.) Kitam. ex M.Hotta |
Kiribati
Line Islands |
Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 18) |
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Butaritari Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91)
? |
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Tabiteuea Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Tarawa Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Ailinglaplap (Ailinglapalap) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Ebon (Epoon) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Jabat (Jebat) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kili (Kõle) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kili (Kõle) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 2)
"Uncommon; a few small plantings by houses, in Bikini Projects camp; some plants seemingly growing without cultivation into wetland area just north of school". |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 104) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Lae Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Lae Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 6)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 34013 (US) Persisting in taro pits. |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Namu Atoll | Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24) | |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. ii)
Voucher cited: Anderson 3637 |
|
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll | Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 2) | |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Aur Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Aur Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, Harold (1951) (p. 281) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Likiep Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 24) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 26) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, Harold (1951) (p. 281)
Voucher cited: St. John 21416 (BISH) |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Mejit (Mãjej) Island | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Mili (Mile) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A4)
Occasional; food crop planted by homes, Mili. |
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 40-41)
Voucher cited: Thaman & Manner 27825 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 17)
Vouchers cited: Balansa s.n., MacKee 40312 |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Kermadec Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Healy, A. J./Edgar, E. (1980) (p. 77)
"Damp to wet waste land". |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Raoul Island |
introduced
invasive |
Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 156) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 222)
Voucher cited: CHR 169957 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (pp. 28-30)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 9985 (BISH) |
Palau
Hatohobei Group |
Tobi Island | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L./Rinehart, A. F./Falanruw, M. C. (1996) (p. 15) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Babeldaob Island |
Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (2007) (voucher ID: BNM 4465)
Taxon name on voucher: Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Peleliu (Beliliou) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 91) |
Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago |
Bismarck Archipelago | Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 75) | |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
cultivated |
Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (pp. 186-187)
Cultivated, not a native. |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
cultivated |
St. John, H. (1987) (p. 25)
Voucher cited: Fosberg & R. Clark 11307 |
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
cultivated |
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 59) |
Tonga
Tonga Islands |
Tonga Islands |
introduced
cultivated abo. intro. |
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 75-76)
"Throughout Tonga". |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
Ellison, Joanna C. (1990) (p. 29)
On outlier islets of Pangaimotu, Oneata and Ata |
|
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Late Island |
introduced
|
Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 352) |
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands |
Nui Atoll | Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 10) | |
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands |
Tuvalu Islands | Unknown (year unknown) | |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Futuna Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Morat, Ph./Veillon, J.-M. (1985)
var. antiquorum. Morat & Veillon, 1985, cited in Meyer, 2007 |
Wallis and Futuna
Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands |
Wallis (Uvea) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (p. 25)
var. antiquorum |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 2) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Widely cultivated usually near farmhouses or in water fields; also naturalized or perhaps native in wet places in forests, valleys, swamps, wastelands, and at watersides. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 299) |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 94) | |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Healy, A. J./Edgar, E. (1980) (p. 77)
"Damp to wet waste land". |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 28)
Casual |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Widely cultivated usually near farmhouses or in water fields; also naturalized or perhaps native in wet places in forests, valleys, swamps, wastelands, and at watersides. |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 110)
Garden escape. |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 31) |
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago |
Diego Garcia Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Rivers, Julie (2004) (pp. 1, 6) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
MacDonald, I. A. W./Thebaud, C./Strahm, W. A./Strasberg, D. (1991) (pp. 51-61) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Cultivé/naturalisé" |
Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Addu Atoll | Spicer, R. A./Newberry, D. MacC. (1979) (p. 14) | |
Maldives
Maldive Islands |
Maldive Islands | Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 13) | |
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island | McIntyre, Guy (1991) (p. 39) | |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Agalega Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 113) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Coetivy Island | Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 146) | |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Cousin Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 22)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 52115 (US) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Frégate Island | Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 46) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Comments: Escaped from cultivation and naturalized on Isla Santa Cruz, Galápagos Islands (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; p. 786).
Control:
Physical: Pull or dig out.
Chemical: Spray with herbicide (Weber, 2003; p. 114).