Celtis sinensis Persoon, Cannabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Celtis japonica Planch.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: po shu

English: Chinese elm, Chinese hackberry, Chinese nettletree, Japanese hackberry

Japanese: enoki

Habit:  tree

Description:  "A large deciduous tree to 20 m; bark smooth, gray.  Leaves chartaceous, ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse to acute, obliquely broad-cuneate at base, entire to crenate-serrate toward the base, dark green and smooth above, glabrous and slightly glaucous beneath, 3-nerved at base, the lateral veins 3-4 per side; petioles about 1 cm long.  Flowers solitary, axillary on young branchlets, the pedicels about 3 mm long, perianth parts glabrous, ciliate along the margins.  Fruit solitary, ovoid, 7-9 mm long, 4-5 mm thick, dark orange, becoming black when mature; pedicels about 1 cm long" (Li et al., 1976; pp. 109, 111).

Habitat/ecology:  "Appears to favour clay soils associated with alluvial creek-flats and gullies, especially riparian habitats and other open areas where the original forest has been cleared or disturbed".  The plant has naturalised throughout most of south-east Queensland, where it has formed dense infestations along creek-banks.  At some locations near Ipswich (30 km west of Brisbane) it appears to be preventing regeneration of riparian vegetation." (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 149).

In Taiwan, "in thickets at low altitudes" (Li et al., 1976; pp. 109, 111).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  South China and Taiwan to Korea and Japan (Li et al., 1976; pp. 109, 111).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive cultivated	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 149) Widely cultivated as a garden plant/shade tree/street tree.
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Roadsides, slopes; 100-1500 m".
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 58)
Japan Japan	Japan	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Roadsides, slopes; 100-1500 m".
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) District of Colombia Naturalized

Control: 

Physical:  Hand pull or dig out seedlings and young trees.

Chemical:  Cut larger trees and treat the stumps with herbicide (Weber, 2003; p. 93).