Bulbine frutescens (L.) Willd., Liliaceae

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Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate; score: 2 (Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment for Bulbine frutescens)

Other Latin names:  Anthericum frutescens L.

Common name(s): [more details]

Afrikaans: balsem kopieva, geelkatstert

English: burn jelly plant, cat's tail, snake flower

Habit:  herb

Description:  "[P]erennial, caulescent, without any tuberous rootstock; stems sometimes a foot long, branched or simple, 1/4-1/3 in. diam., with the lower leaves 1/2-1 in. apart, the upper crowded; leaves 8-12, distichous, subterete, bright green, 6-9 in. long in the cultivated plant, 1/4 in. diam., flat in the lower part of the face, turgid in the upper part, semicircular on the back; peduncle simple, about a foot long; raceme 1/2-1 ft. long, an inch in diameter; lower pedicels 1/2 in. long, bracts small, deltoid-cuspidate, fimbriate at the enlarged base; perianth bright yellow, 1/3 in. long; capsule globose, the size of a pea; seeds 3-4 in a cell." (JSTOR Global Plants)

Habitat/ecology:  "The brightly coloured flowers attract bees." (SANBI/PlantZAfrica)

Propagation:  (no propagation information known by PIER)

Native range:  In southern Africa: "Bulbine frutescens occurs widespread throughout parts of Northern Cape, Western and Eastern Cape; however, it reaches its peak in the succulent-rich, dry valleys of Eastern Cape." (includes distribution map) (SANBI/PlantZAfrica)

Impacts and invaded habitats:  If you know of other invaded habitats or impacts, please let us know.

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8629343 (et al.?) accessed 20180915
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3158111 (et al.) accessed 20180915

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Africa Africa	Zaire		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/11016547 (et al.?) accessed 20180915
South Africa South Africa	South Africa (Republic of)		no author (2003) (p. 996) accessed (online version) 20180915
South Africa South Africa	South Africa (Republic of)		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13576863 (et al.) (accessed 20180915)
South America (non-Pacific rim) South America (non-Pacific rim)	Brazil		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6143545 (et al.?) accessed 20180915
United States of America United States	Texas (U.S. state)		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13233571 (et al.) accessed 20180915
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)		iNaturalist (year unknown) see https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/12350161 (et al.) accessed 20180915

Control:  If you know of control methods for Bulbine frutescens, please let us know.