Mill., Nyctaginaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: hong xi xin |
English: hogweed, red spiderling, scarlet spiderling |
French: bécabar bâtard, herbe pintade, macatia vert |
Spanish: hierba de la hormiga, hierba del cancer, mata pavo, patagon, tostón, yerba de puerco |
Habit: herb
Description: "Prostrate to ascending perennial herbs, leafy in lower 1/2, diffusely paniculate in upper 1/2; stems glandular puberulent and sparsely pilose with long multicellular hairs, branching opposite near base, upward usually becoming alternative by suppression of 1 branch of a pair, angle of branching wide. Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, very variable in size, up to 2.5 cm long, 3-5 pairs of nerves, converging toward the base, lower pairs close together or even palmate, upper surface green, obscurely glandular, lower surface paler, glabrous except with some long hairs on lower part of midrib and veins, surface marked with white raphide bundles, margins conspicuously long-ciliate, apex obtuse to subacute, base obtuse to truncate or subcordate, petioles 0.5-1 (-2) cm long, long-ciliate. Flowers subsessile or very short-pedicellate, in few-flowered glomerules, these arranged in large, very open panicles, branching many times (up to 10) at wide angles, sparsely glandular, distal branches filiform, upper articulations of panicles with small pilose bracts, those subtending glomerules hyaline, lanceolate, acuminate; perianth strongly constricted near middle, limb magenta or crimson to dark red, campanulate, ca 2.5 mm long, glabrous; stamens 2. Anthocarps narrowly obconical-clavate, 3-4 mm long, apex abruptly contracted to an obtuse point, ribs prominently stipitate glandular, occasionally with a few glands in the wide furrows, the furrows also with many longitudinally arranged raphide bundles." (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 978)
Habitat/ecology: In Hawaii, "rapidly spreading, now common in coastal or slightly inland, disturbed places such as roadsides, 0-10 (-140) m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 978).
Propagation: Seeds, which cling to clothing and fur. "A nuisance in coastal areas and beach parks because of the sticky fruit" (Motooka et al., 2003).
Native range: Africa; Arabian Peninsula; Australia; Caribbean; North, Central and South America (GRIN); Caribbean (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 978).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 71)
Presence not verified. |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 649495)
Taxon name on voucher: Boerhavia coccinea Mill. |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 1000153)
Taxon name on voucher: Boerhavia coccinea Mill. |
|
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 978)
Voucher cited: Herbst 5023 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kahoolawe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 978) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 978) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kure Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2003) (p. 29)
Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 010523-1 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kure Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2001) (p. 9)
Uncommon. Found only near quarters. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank L./Bartlett, Randal T. (2002) (p. 10)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H109915 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 978) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2003) (p. 16)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H70108 (BISH, PTBG) Widespread and locally abundant. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 978) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 48-49) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South Australia, Western Australia |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
"Sunny sites in disturbed areas. Hainan". |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 48-49) | |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 48-49) | |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 48-49) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
uncertain if native
|
Lavergne, Christophe (2006)
"Envahissant (indigène?)" |
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Control:
Chemical: "Foliar application of triclopyr amine product at 2% in water provided good control (Hank Oppenheimer, Maui Pine)" (Motooka et al., 2003).