Antirrhinum orontium L., Plantaginaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: corn snapdragon, lesser snapdragon, linearleaf snapdragon, small snapdragon, weasel's-snout

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual herbs (0.5-) 2-5 dm tall; stems erect, sparingly branched, glabrous to sparsely hirsute in lower parts, glandular pubescent in upper parts.  Leaves linear to oblong-elliptic, 20-50 mm long, 2-7 mm wide, subsessile.  Flowers in lax, terminal racemes, pedicels very short in flower, elongating up to 4 mm long in fruit, bracts similar to leaves but much smaller; calyx 10-17 mm long, the lobes linear, the longest one ca. 1.5 times as long as shortest one; corolla pink, rarely white, 10-15 mm long, as long as or slightly shorter than calyx.  Capsules ovoid, gibbous, 8010 mm long, glandular pubescent.  Seeds somewhat flattened, 1 face smooth, keeled and prolonged into a narrow wing, the other face finely tuberculate, with a wide, raised, sinuate, papillose border"  (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1236-1237).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized on dry ridges"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1237).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Native to southwestern and central Europe" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1237).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2002) (p. 15) Voucher cited: Z.E. Ellshoff s.n. (BISH 664558)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2006) (p. 41) Voucher cited: Starr, Starr & Sokishi 040330-5 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1236-1237) East Maui
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2002) (p. 25) East Maui. Vouchers cited: Starr & Martz 000502-4 (BISH), Starr & Martz 000318-1 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 31) West Maui. Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, Brosius, Miller & Wright H40606 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1236-1237) Voucher cited: Munro 54 (BISH)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 129) Voucher cited: Schmid 4054 (NOU) Spontané

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 188)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1180)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Antirrhinum orontium, please let us know.