Anthoxanthum nitens (Weber) Schouten & Veldkamp, Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 4 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Hierochloe borealis Roem. & Schult.; Hierochloe odorata (L.) P. Beauv.; Holcus odoratus L.; Poa nitens Weber; Torresia odorata (L.) Hitchc.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: mao xiang

English: Seneca grass, holy grass, manna grass, sweet grass, vanilla grass

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Plant with slender creeping rhizomes. Culms 20-60 cm tall, 3-4-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or ± pubescent, longer than internodes; basal leaf blades up to 30 cm, 3-10 mm wide, culm leaves much shorter, glabrous or adaxial surface puberulous, margins scabrid, apex acuminate; ligule 2-5 mm, obtuse. Panicle pyramidal, loose, 4-10 cm; branches spreading, smooth, bare in lower half. Spikelets plumply elliptic, 3.5-6 mm, light brown, shining; glumes subequal, as long as spikelet, 1-3-veined; callus of staminate florets stiffly hairy (or glabrous in E. Asia); lower florets staminate, lemmas slightly shorter than glumes, puberulous on back above middle, margins shortly ciliate, apex acute or minutely mucronate; bisexual floret ca. 3.5 mm, appressed-pubescent toward apex; palea 1-veined; anthers ca. 2.5 mm"  (Flora of China online).

Habitat/ecology:  In China (native), "mountain slopes, floodplains, wet grasslands; 500-3800 m"  (Flora of China online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  North America (United States and Canada), Europe, Asia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
British Columbia (province of Canada) Province of British Columbia	Canada (British Columbia)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Japan Japan	Japan	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
North Korea North Korea	North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Canada Canada	Canada	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Anthoxanthum nitens, please let us know.