Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach, Pinaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 2 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.; Abies equi-trojani (Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Mattf.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Caucasian fir, Nordmann Christmastree, Nordmann fir, Turkey fir

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Large tree to c. 30 m high; trunk grey, smooth, except for slightly fissured bark near base. Shoots brown, short, hairy, grooved. Buds ovoid, not resinous; bud scales slightly keeled, appressed. Foliage ± pectinate and at right angles to shoot on older and lower parts of shoot, dense and sloping forwards to cover upper side towards shoot apex. Leaves 1.5-3.5-(4.5) cm long (often smaller on coning shoots), glossy dark green above; stomatal bands white below; resin ducts mostly marginal, ± median on ♀ coning shoots; apex emarginate. ♂ strobili crimson, < 1 cm long. Mature cones on upper branches, 12-18 cm long, broad-cylindric, brown; ovuliferous scales very broad, rounded; bracts exserted, the cuspidate tip 3-4 mm long and pointing upwards. Seed wing c. 1.5 cm long, truncate at apex"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 47).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand: "Modified forest areas near planted trees. Widely planted in large gardens, parks and domains. Regeneration is generally uncommon but it has been reported occasionally"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 47).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Turkey and Georgia (GRIN); also cultivated (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive cultivated	Randall, R. P. (2007) (p. 13) Escape from cultivation.
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 47)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Abies nordmanniana, please let us know.