L., Brassicaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: sui mi ji |
English: bitter cress, common bitter cress, hairy bitter cress, hoary bitter cress, wavy bitter cress |
French: cardamine hirsute, cardamine pennée, cardamine poilue, cardamine velue, cressonette |
Spanish: berro, mastuerzo amargo, mastuerzo de prado, mastuerzo menor, mastuerzo velloso |
Habit: herb
Description: "Annual herb. Rhizomes 0. Stems often many from base of plant, suberect, glabrous, straight, green or purplish, 10-25-(40) cm tall. Leaves thin, green, sparsely hairy above and sometimes on petiole. Rosette leaves pinnate, petiolate; terminal leaflet circular, bluntly lobed, truncate to cordate, slightly > laterals; lateral leaflets in (1)-2-3-(4) pairs, ovate, bluntly lobed to entire, truncate to cordate and ± unequal at base; petiolules < leaflets. Cauline leaves pinnate, petiolate; terminal leaflet = to slightly > laterals, obovate to narrow-oblanceolate, cuneate, entire to bluntly lobed; lateral leaflets in 2-3 pairs, obovate, becoming narrow-oblanceolate, truncate becoming cuneate at base, bluntly lobed to entire; petiolules short. Inflorescence. racemose, straight, glabrous, (5)-10-15 cm long. Pedicels glabrous, erecto-patent, (4)-6-10-(13) mm long at fruiting. Sepals sparsely hairy, purplish, pinkish or green, 1-2 x 0.4-0.6 mm; margins scarious. Petals white, erect, spathulate, 2-3 x 0.5-0.8 mm. Stamens 4-(6). Silique pale yellowish green, rarely with purplish valves, erect, (10)-15-20-(25) x 1-1.3 mm; valves glabrous or hairy; style c. 0.5 mm long. Seeds reddish brown, broad-oblong, very narrowly winged, c. 1 mm long" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 412).
Habitat/ecology: In Papua New Guinea, "a weed of gardens, nursery beds and house-yards in wet localities" (Henty & Pritchard, 1975; p. 93). In New Caledonia, "mauvaise herbe assez répandue par endroits frais en jardins et pépinières" (MacKee, 1994; p. 44). "In Chile this species grows in the following environmental conditions: Medium altitude up to the timber line; low altitude, interior valleys; coastal mountains, 500-2000 m; coastal areas, 0 - 500 m. Humid areas, with almost constant rainfall. Short dry periods are possible (generally not longer than 1 month). Somewhat dry areas where the drought may last 3-5 months. Precipitations of 400-800 mm. are concentrated in winter. Fully exposed to the sun. Level areas or slopes facing north" (Chileflora).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Macaronesia, Europe, Africa, Asia (GRIN).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 8)
"A recently arrived garden weed, in outdoor flower pots and in moist situations". Voucher cited: R.O. Gardner 5788 (AK) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Cuevas, Jaime G./Marticorena, Alicia/Cavieres, Lohengrin A. (2004) (p. 535)
Voucher cited: JF 62 |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 552) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 403)
Voucher cited: University of Hawaii Student s.n. (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 403) |
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Ebon (Epoon) Atoll | Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013) | |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 44)
Vouchers cited: MacKee 13327, MacKee 21678, MacKee 22536, MacKee 31823, MacKee 33107 |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
invasive
|
Henty, E. E./Pritchard, G. H. (1975) (p. 93)
Common in some localities at both low and median altitudes. |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
"Mountain slopes, roadsides, fields, clearings, wastelands, damp places, grassy areas; near sea level to 3000 m". |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Honshu Naturalized |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 183) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
|
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 412)
"Weed of cultivation, waste places and bush remnants". |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Belov, Michail (2013) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
introduced
invasive |
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 108) |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island | Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 157) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Ontario Naturalized |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Control: If you know of control methods for Cardamine hirsuta, please let us know.