Schott, Rosaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
English: elm-leaf blackberry |
Spanish: mora, zarzamora |
Habit: shrub
Description: "Scrambling shrub; primocanes low-arching and interlacing, distinctly whitish pruinose, becoming reddish, ± sharply angled and ± flat between, with few subsessile glands, and usually sparsely to moderately clothed in mostly stellate hairs, rarely finally glabrous; armature of few to many stout, erect to slightly falcate prickles on angles. Young stems with stellate tomentum, and scattered simple hairs and subsessile glands. Leaflets 5, glabrous or almost glabrous on upper surface, pilose on veins and with dense whitish tomentum between on lower surface, 1-2-serrate; terminal leaflet lamina oblong to narrow-obovate, acuminate, 30-80 x 20-50-(60) mm, with petiolule 1/3-2/5 length of lamina. Stipules linear. Inflorescence densely hairy with subsessile glands. Sepals acuminate, tomentose and with very few, longer, simple hairs, usually without but sometimes with prickles. Petals rounded, strongly crinkled, bright pink. Anthers glabrous" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 1131).
Habitat/ecology: "Forests, riparian habitats, freshwater wetlands. A variable species with several cultivars. It spreads both by seeds and by vegetative growth. The shrub grows in dense patches that displace native vegetation and prevent regeneration of shrubs and trees due to the shading effect" (Weber, 2003; p. 373).
In New Zealand, "roadsides, streamsides, waste places, neglected pasture, hillsides, margins of forest and scrub" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 1131). In Chile this species grows in the following environmental conditions: Medium altitude up to the timber line; low altitude, interior valleys; coastal mountains, 500-2000 m; coastal areas, 0-500 m. Somewhat dry areas where the drought may last 3-5 months, precipitations of 400-800 mm. are concentrated in winter; humid areas, with almost constant rainfall, short dry periods are possible (generally not longer than 1 month). Some shadow, some protection against direct sunlight, some shadow from vegetation, filtering about 20-40% of light; in shadow, steep slopes facing south or a vegetation cover which filters 40-80% of light" (Chileflora).
Propagation: "Seeds are dispersed by birds. Stems root freely at the tips, and pieces of stems are carried by streatms to form new infestations" (Weber, 2003; p. 373).
Native range: Africa, Europe; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 557) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 557) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Collected in survey, herbarium record pending. |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 1131)
"Roadsides, streamsides, waste places, neglected pasture, hillsides, margins of forest and scrub". |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Belov, Michail (2013) |
Comments: Subject of an eradication program in the Galápagos Islands (Chris Buddenhagen, pers. com.)
Control: See "Blackberry control manual: management and control options for blackberry (Rubus spp.) in Australia" (Victoria Dept. Prim. Ind., 2009).