Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Report on invasive plant species in Samoa
Appendix 4. Invasive species of environmental concern by location
Species present on UpoloTable 1. Species present on Upolu
Scientific Name |
Common Names (abridged) |
Family |
Habit |
Abelmoschus moschatus | English: fautia, musk mallow, musk okra; Other: ‘aute toga, fau tagaloa, fua samasama (American Samoa and Samoa) | Malvaceae | herb |
Acacia auriculiformis | English: Papuan wattle, auri, earleaf acacia, northern black wattle, ear-pod wattle | Fabaceae | tree |
Acacia mangium | English: mangium, brown salwood, black wattle, hickory wattle | Fabaceae | tree |
Adenanthera pavonina | English: coral bean tree, red sandalwood tree, red bead tree, lopa, bead tree, false wiliwili, peacock flower-fence, Polynesian peanut; Other: lopa (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
Albizia chinensis | English: Chinese albizia, silktree; Other: tamaligi uliuli, tamaligi ena‘ena (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
English: yellow trumpet vine, golden trumpet, allamanda, brownbud allamanda, golden allamanda, golden cup; Other: pua taunofo (American Samoa and Samoa) | Apocynaceae | shrub | |
English: red ginger; Other: teuila (Samoa) | Zingiberaceae | herb | |
*Anacardium occidentale | English: cashew, cashew nut; Other: ‘apu ‘initia (Samoa) | Anacardiaceae | tree |
*Annona muricata | English: soursop, prickly custard apple; Other: sasalapa (Samoa) | Annonaceae | tree |
*Antigonon leptopus | English: Mexican creeper, mountain rose, Confederate vine, chain-of-love, hearts on a chain, love-vine, coral bells, coral vine, queen’s jewels, kadena de amor, corallita | Polygonaceae | vine |
Ardisia elliptica | English: shoebutton ardisia; Other: togo vao (Samoa) | Myrsinaceae | shrub |
Arundo donax | English: giant reed, Spanish reed, wild cane; Other: fiso palagi (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
*Asparagus densiflorus | English: asparagus fern, sprengeri fern, smilax, regal fern | Liliaceae | herb |
*Asparagus setaceus | English: ornamental asparagus, climbing asparagus fern, plumosa | Liliaceae | vine |
Asystasia gangetica | English: Chinese violet, Philippine violet, coromandel | Acanthaceae | herb |
English: blanket grass, carpetgrass | Poaceae | grass | |
English: caratao grass, narrow-leaved carpetgrass | Poaceae | grass | |
Bambusa spp. | English: bamboo; Other: ‘ofe, ‘ofe Fiti, ‘ofe palagi (Samoa) | Poaceae | tree |
English: orchid-tree, St. Thomas-tree, Napoleon's plume Other: vae povi (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree | |
English: purple orchid tree; purple butterfly tree | Fabaceae | tree | |
English: orchid tree; mountain ebony | Fabaceae | tree | |
Bothriochloa bladhii | English: blue grass, Australian beardgrass, Caucasian bluestem | Poaceae | grass |
*Bryophyllum delagoense | English: chandelier plant | Crassulaceae | herb |
Calliandra calothyrsus | English: powderpuff red calliandra; Other: kaliana (Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
*Calliandra surinamensis | English: Surinamese stickpea | Fabaceae | tree |
English: calopo | Fabaceae | vine | |
English: calotrope, crown flower, madar | Ascelepiadaceae | shrub | |
Canna indica | English: canna, canna lily, Indian shot; Other: fanamanu, fagamanu, fa‘i masoa (American Samoa and Samoa) | Cannaceae | herb |
Carludovica palmata | English: Panama hat plant | Cyclanthaceae | shrub |
Castilla elastica | English: Panama rubber tree, Mexican rubber tree, uletree; Other: pulu mamoe (American Samoa) | Moraceae | tree |
Casuarina equisetifolia | English: casuarina, ironwood, Australian pine, she-oak, horsetail tree, beefwood; Other: toa (American Samoa and Samoa) | Casuarinaceae | tree |
English: cigar box cedar, Mexican cedar, West Indian cedar, Spanish cedar, Barbados cedar | Meliaceae | tree | |
English: kapok, kapok tree, silk-cotton tree, pacae; Other: vavae (American Samoa and Samoa) | Bombacaceae | tree | |
Cenchrus echinatus | English: burgrass, sand-bur, southern sandbur, Mossman River grass (Australia); Other: tuitui, vao tuitui (American Samoa and Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Centrosema pubescens | English: centro, butterfly-pea | Fabaceae | herb |
Cestrum nocturnum | English: night-flowering cestrum, night-flowering jasmine, queen (or lady) of the night; Other: teine o le po, ali‘i o le po (American Samoa and Samoa) | Solanaceae | shrub |
English: partridge pea, Japanese tea senna | Fabaceae | shrub | |
Chloris barbata | Poaceae | grass | |
Cinnamomum verum | English: cinnamon tree; Other: tinamoni, tigamoni (American Samoa and Samoa) | Lauraceae | tree |
Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax | English: red clerodendrum, pagoda-flower | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Clerodendrum chinense | English: Honolulu rose, stickbush, glory bower; Other: losa Honolulu, losa Onolulu (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Clerodendrum paniculatum | English: pagoda plant, pagoda flower | Verbenaceae | shrub |
English: bronze-leaved clerodendrum; Other: losa, losa Fiti (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | shrub | |
English: Koster’s curse, soap bush; Other: la‘au lau mamoe (Samoa) | Melastomataceae | shrub | |
Clitoria ternatea | English: butterfly pea, Asian pigeonwings | Fabaceae | vine |
*Coccinia grandis | English: ivy gourd, scarlet-fruited gourd | Cucurbitaceae | vine |
*Coffea arabica | English: coffee; Other: kofe (Samoa) | Rubiaceae | tree |
Commelina diffusa | English: commelina, dayflower, wandering Jew, spiderwort; Other: mau‘u toga, mau‘u Tonga (American Samoa and Samoa) | Commelinaceae | herb |
Cordia alliodora | English: laurel, Ecuador laurel, salmwood, Spanish elm; Other: kotia (Samoa) | Boraginaceae | tree |
Costus speciosus | English: crepe ginger, crape ginger, wild ginger, Malay ginger, canereed | Zingiberaceae | herb |
Crotalaria micans | English: crotalaria | Fabaceae | shrub |
Cuscuta campestris | English: golden dodder, field dodder, five-angled dodder | Cuscutaceae | vine |
English: umbrella sedge, umbrella plant, dwarf papyrus grass | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
English: nut grass, nutsedge, purple nutsedge, cocograss; Other: mumuta (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
Derris malaccensis | English: New Guinea creeper; Other: ‘ava niukini (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | vine |
Desmodium tortuosum | English: Florida beggarweed, Spanish clover, dixie ticktrefoil | Fabaceae | herb |
Dieffenbachia seguine | English: dieffenbachia, dumb cane | Araceae | herb |
Digitaria ciliaris | English: Henry's crabgrass, smooth crabgrass, tropical crab grass, large crab grass, southern crabgrass, fingergrass, summer grass | Poaceae | grass |
Digitaria violascens | English: smooth crabgrass, violet crabgrass | Poaceae | grass |
Dissotis rotundifolia | English: dissotis, Spanish shawl, pink lady | Melastomataceae | herb |
*Duranta erecta | English: duranta, golden dewdrop, pigeon-berry, sky-flower | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Eichhornia crassipes | English: water hyacinth | Pontederiaceae | aquatic herb |
Elaeocarpus angustifolius | English: blue fig, blue marble tree, quandong (Australia); Other: sapatua, siapoatua, siapatua (American Samoa and Samoa) | Elaeocarpaceae | tree |
Eleusine indica | English: goosegrass, wiregrass, goose foot, crow's foot, bullgrass; Other: fahitalo, lau ta‘a ta‘a, ta‘a ta‘a (American Samoa and Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Epipremnum pinnatum cv. 'Aureum' | English: pothos, money plant | Araceae | vine |
Falcataria moluccana | English: Molucca albizia; Other: tamaligi palagi (American Samoa); tamaligi paepae (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
English: banyan, Indian banyan, vada tree; Other: pulu (Samoa) | Moraceae | tree | |
English: weeping fig, baka, Java fig, weeping fig, Benjamin tree | Moraceae | tree | |
English: India rubber tree, rubber plant | Moraceae | tree | |
Flacourtia rukam | English: Indian plum, Indian prune, governor's plum; Other: filimoto (American Samoa and Samoa) | Flacourtiaceae | tree |
English: luck plant, wild hops | Fabaceae | shrub | |
Funtumia elastica | English: African rubber tree, silkrubber; Other: pulu vao (Samoa) | Apocynaceae | tree |
Furcraea foetida | English: Mauritius hemp, sisal, maguey, giant cabuya | Agavaceae | succulent |
Gliricidia sepium | English: mother of cacao, quickstick, Mexican lilac | Fabaceae | tree |
*Grevillea robusta | English: silk oak, silky oak, he oak, silver oak, spider flower | Proteaceae | tree |
English: white ginger, butterfly lily, ginger lily, garland flower; Other: teuila paepae (American Samoa and Samoa) | Zingiberaceae | herb | |
English: yellow ginger, cream ginger; Other: teuila (American Samoa and Samoa) | Zingiberaceae | herb | |
Heliconia spp. | English: heliconia, parrot's-flower, parrot's-plantain, crab claw, lobster claw; Other: vae paa (Samoa) | Heliconiaceae | herb |
Hemigraphis alternata | English: metal leaf; red ivy; Other: suipi (American Samoa and Samoa) | Acanthaceae | herb |
English: knobweed | Lamiaceae | herb | |
English: comb hyptis, comb bushmint, mint weed, purple top; Other: vao mini (Samoa) | Lamiaceae | herb | |
Indigofera suffruticosa | English: indigo; Other: la‘au mageso (Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Ipomoea aquatica | English: aquatic morning glory, swamp cabbage, water spinach, ung-choi, kang kong; Other: lili vai (Samoa) | Convolvulaceae | aquatic herb |
Jatropha curcas | English: physic nut, purging nut, Barbados nut; Other: laupata (Samoa) | Euphorbiaceae | shrub |
Kyllinga brevifolia | English: green kyllinga, green water sedge; Other: tuise (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge |
English: white kyllinga, whitehead spikesedge, whitewater sedge; Other: ta‘a ta‘a, ta‘a ta‘a vili taliga, matie upo‘o, matie Tahiti, mo‘u upo‘onui, mo‘u upo‘o, tuise (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
Kyllinga polyphylla | English: Navua sedge; Other: tuise tele, tuise fiti (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge |
Lantana camara | English: lantana; Other: latana (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Leucaena leucocephala | English: leucaena, wild tamarind, lead tree Other: fua pepe (American Samoa and Samoa), lusina, pepe (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
*Ligustrum spp. | English: privet | Oleaceae | shrubs/small trees |
Macroptilium atropurpureum | English: siratro, purple bushbean | Fabaceae | herb |
**Merremia peltata | English: merremia; Other: fue vae (American Samoa), fue lautetele (American Samoa and Samoa) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
English: mile-a-minute weed, Chinese creeper, American rope, bittervine; Other: fue saina (American Samoa and Samoa) | Asteraceae | vine | |
diplotricha | English: giant sensitive plant, nila grass; Other: vao fefe palagi (American Samoa and Samoa); la'au fefe palagi (Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Mimosa pudica | English: sensitive plant, sleeping grass; Other: vao fefe, vao tuitui, tuitui (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | herb |
*Murraya paniculata | English: orange jessamine, satin-wood, Chinese box, Hawaiian mock orange | Rutaceae | shrub/tree |
*Nymphaea spp. | English: water lily | Nymphaeaceae | herb |
Ocimum gratissimum | English: wild basil, clove basil, tree basil; Other: la’au sauga (Samoa) | Lamiaceae | herb |
Odontonema tubaeforme | English: fire spike, cardinal flower; Other: totoe (American Samoa and Samoa) | Acanthaceae | shrub |
Panicum maximum | English: Guinea grass, green panic, buffalograss; Other: vao kini (American Samoa and Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Paspalum conjugatum | English: T grass, ti grass, sour grass; sour palpalum, buffalo grass, carabao grass, Hilo grass (Hawai'i); Other: vaolima, (American Samoa and Samoa); vaolima matafao, vaolima papalagi (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Paspalum dilatatum | English: paspalum, dallis grass, water grass | Poaceae | grass |
Paspalum paniculatum | English: Russell river grass, galmarra grass | Poaceae | grass |
English: love-in-a-mist, wild passion fruit, passionflower, stinking passionflower; Other: pasio vao (American Samoa and Samoa) | Passifloraceae | vine | |
English: yellow granadilla, belle apple, yellow water-lemon; Other: pasio vao (Samoa) | Passifloraceae | vine | |
English: sweet granadilla, yellow passionfruit; French: granadille, grenadille douce, barbadine | Passifloraceae | vine | |
Passiflora suberosa | English: wild passionfruit, devil's pumpkin, indigo berry, corky passionflower, corkstem passionflower | Passifloraceae | vine |
Pennisetum purpureum | English: elephant grass, napier grass, merker grass; Other: vao povi (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
*Pinus caribaea | English: Caribbean pine, Bahamas pine; Other: paina (Samoa) | Pinaceae | tree |
Piper auritum | English: eared pepper, anise piper, Veracruz pepper; Other: ‘ava Tonga (Samoa) | Piperaceae | shrub |
English: strawberry guava, cherry guava, Cattley guava, Chinese guava; Other: ku‘ava (Samoa) | Myrtaceae | tree | |
English: guava; Other: ku‘ava (American Samoa and Samoa) | Myrtaceae | tree | |
Pueraria montana var. lobata | English: kudzu, Japanese arrowroot; Other: aka (American Samoa); a'a (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | vine |
Ricinus communis | English: castor bean, castor-oil plant; Other: lama palagi, lama papalagi (American Samoa and Samoa) | Euphorbiaceae | shrub |
Ruellia prostrata | English: black weed, bell weed; Other: vao uli (American Samoa and Samoa) | Acanthaceae | herb |
English: wild cane, false sugarcane; Other: vao tolo (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass | |
Sacciolepis indica | English: glenwood grass | Poaceae | grass |
*Samanea saman | English: monkeypod, rain tree, saman; Other: malapa (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
English: elderberry, Mexican elder | Caprifoliaceae | small tree | |
speciosa | English: sanchezia. | Acanthaceae | shrub |
Sansevieria trifasciata | English: bowstring hemp, mother-in-law’s tongue | Agavaceae | herb |
*Schefflera actinophylla | English: octopus tree, umbrella tree, ivy palm | Araliaceae | tree |
*Schefflera arboricola | English: dwarf brassia, dwarf schefflera, Hawaiian elf schefflera | Araliaceae | shrub |
Senna alata | English: candle bush; candelabra bush, Roman candle tree, emperor's candlesticks, ringworm bush (Australia), alcapulco; Other: fa‘i lafa, la‘au fai lafa (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Senna tora | English: foetid cassia, stinking cassia, Java-bean, sickle senna, sicklepod, Chinese senna, peanut weed, sickle senna; Other: vao pinati (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Sesbania grandiflora | English: sesbania, hummingbird tree, sesban, scarlet wisteria tree, corkwood tree; Other: sepania (Samoa) | Fabaceae | small tree |
English: palmgrass, short pitpit, hailans pitpit, broadleaved bristlegrass; Other: vao ‘ofe‘ofe (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass | |
English: foxtail, garden bristle grass, hairy-tail grass, yellow bristlegrass | Poaceae | grass | |
Solanum torvum | English: prickly solanum, devil's fig, turkeyberry, terongan; Other: lapiti (Samoa) | Solanaceae | shrub |
Spathodea campanulata | English: African tulip tree, fireball, fountain tree; Other: fa‘apasi (Samoa) | Bignoniaceae | tree |
Sporobolus indicus | English: smutgrass, wiregrass, Indian dropseed; Other: fisihina (Tonga) | Poaceae | grass |
Sphagneticola trilobata | English: wedelia, trailing daisy, Singapore daisy, creeping ox-eye | Asteraceae | herb |
Stachytarpheta cayennensis | English: blue rat's tail, dark-blue snakeweed, false verbena, nettleleaf velvetberry; Other: mautofu tai, mautofu vao, mautofu fualanumoana (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | herb |
Syngonium angustatum | English: arrowhead plant, goosefoot plant | Araceae | vine |
Syzygium jambos | English: malabar plum, rose apple, Malay apple; Other: seasea papalagi (Samoa) | Myrtaceae | tree |
Tecoma stans | English: yellow bells, yellow-elder, yellow trumpetbush | Bignoniaceae | small tree |
English: yellow oleander, be-still tree, lucky nut | Apocynaceae | small tree | |
English: black-eyed susan vine | Acanthaceae | vine | |
English: white lady, white thunbergia, sweet clock-vine | Acanthaceae | vine | |
English: Bengal trumpet, blue trumpet vine, clock vine, skyvine, large-flowerd thunbergia; Other: palulu (Samoa) | Acanthaceae | vine | |
English: purple allamanda, laurel-leaved thunbergia, laurel clock vine | Acanthaceae | vine | |
Tibouchina urvilleana | English: glorybush, lasiandra, princess flower | Melastomataceae | herb |
Tithonia diversifolia | English: tree marigold, shrub sunflower, Mexican sunflower, Japanese sunflower | Asteraceae | shrub |
*Tradescantia spathacea | English: oyster plant, boat plant, boat lily, moses in a boat | Commelinaceae | herb |
*Tradescantia zebrina | English: wandering zebrina, wandering jew, inchplant | Commelinaceae | herb |
Triumfetta rhomboidea | English: Chinese burr, paroquet burr, burr bush; Other: mautofu, mautofu vao (American Samoa and Samoa) | Tiliaceae | shrub |
Urochloa subquadripara | English: brachiaria, green summer grass, tropical signalgrass, cori grass | Poaceae | grass |
*Cultivated
**Native
Table 2. Species present on Savai‘i
Scientific Name |
Common Names (abridged) |
Family |
Habit |
Abelmoschus moschatus | English: fautia, musk mallow, musk okra; Other: ‘aute toga, fau tagaloa, fua samasama (American Samoa and Samoa) | Malvaceae | herb |
Acacia auriculiformis | English: Papuan wattle, auri, earleaf acacia, northern black wattle, ear-pod wattle | Fabaceae | tree |
Acacia mangium | English: mangium, brown salwood, black wattle, hickory wattle | Fabaceae | tree |
Adenanthera pavonina | English: coral bean tree, red sandalwood tree, red bead tree, lopa, bead tree, false wiliwili, peacock flower-fence, Polynesian peanut; Other: lopa (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
Albizia chinensis | English: Chinese albizia, silktree; Other: tamaligi uliuli, tamaligi ena‘ena (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
Aleurites moluccana | English: candlenut, Indian walnut; Other: lama (American Samoa and Samoa); | Euphorbiaceae | tree |
English: yellow trumpet vine, golden trumpet, allamanda, brownbud allamanda, golden allamanda, golden cup; Other: pua taunofo (American Samoa and Samoa) | Apocynaceae | shrub | |
English: red ginger; Other: teuila (Samoa) | Zingiberaceae | herb | |
*Anacardium occidentale | English: cashew, cashew nut; Other: ‘apu ‘initia (Samoa) | Anacardiaceae | tree |
*Annona muricata | English: soursop, prickly custard apple; Other: sasalapa (Samoa) | Annonaceae | tree |
*Asparagus setaceus | English: ornamental asparagus, climbing asparagus fern, plumosa | Liliaceae | vine |
Axonopus fissifolius | English: caratao grass, narrow-leaved carpetgrass | Poaceae | grass |
Bauhinia monandra | English: orchid-tree, St. Thomas-tree, Napoleon's plume Other: vae povi (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
Bothriochloa bladhii | English: blue grass, Australian beardgrass, Caucasian bluestem | Poaceae | grass |
*Bryophyllum delagoense | English: chandelier plant | Crassulaceae | herb |
Calliandra calothyrsus | English: powderpuff red calliandra; Other: kaliana (Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
*Calliandra surinamensis | English: Surinamese stickpea | Fabaceae | tree |
Calopogonium mucunoides | English: calopo | Fabaceae | vine |
Canna indica | English: canna, canna lily, Indian shot; Other: fanamanu, fagamanu, fa‘i masoa (American Samoa and Samoa) | Cannaceae | herb |
Castilla elastica | English: Panama rubber tree, Mexican rubber tree, uletree; Other: pulu mamoe (American Samoa) | Moraceae | tree |
Casuarina equisetifolia | English: casuarina, ironwood, Australian pine, she-oak, horsetail tree, beefwood; Other: toa (American Samoa and Samoa) | Casuarinaceae | tree |
English: cigar box cedar, Mexican cedar, West Indian cedar, Spanish cedar, Barbados cedar | Meliaceae | tree | |
English: kapok, kapok tree, silk-cotton tree, pacae; Other: vavae (American Samoa and Samoa) | Bombacaceae | tree | |
Cenchrus echinatus | English: burgrass, sand-bur, southern sandbur, Mossman River grass (Australia); Other: tuitui, vao tuitui (American Samoa and Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Chloris barbata | Poaceae | grass | |
Cinnamomum verum | English: cinnamon tree; Other: tinamoni, tigamoni (American Samoa and Samoa) | Lauraceae | tree |
Clerodendrum buchananii var. fallax | English: red clerodendrum, pagoda-flower | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Clerodendrum paniculatum | English: pagoda plant, pagoda flower | Verbenaceae | shrub |
English: bronze-leaved clerodendrum; Other: losa, losa Fiti (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | shrub | |
Clidemia hirta | English: Koster’s curse, soap bush; Other: la‘au lau mamoe (Samoa) | Melastomataceae | shrub |
Cordia alliodora | English: laurel, Ecuador laurel, salmwood, Spanish elm; Other: kotia (Samoa) | Boraginaceae | tree |
Costus speciosus | English: crepe ginger, crape ginger, wild ginger, Malay ginger, canereed | Zingiberaceae | herb |
Crotalaria micans | English: crotalaria | Fabaceae | shrub |
English: umbrella sedge, umbrella plant, dwarf papyrus grass | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
English: nut grass, nutsedge, purple nutsedge, cocograss; Other: mumuta (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
Dieffenbachia seguine | English: dieffenbachia, dumb cane | Araceae | herb |
Digitaria ciliaris | English: Henry's crabgrass, smooth crabgrass, tropical crab grass, large crab grass, southern crabgrass, fingergrass, summer grass | Poaceae | grass |
Dissotis rotundifolia | English: dissotis, Spanish shawl, pink lady | Melastomataceae | herb |
*Duranta erecta | English: duranta, golden dewdrop, pigeon-berry, sky-flower | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Elaeocarpus angustifolius | English: blue fig, blue marble tree, quandong (Australia); Other: sapatua, siapoatua, siapatua (American Samoa and Samoa) | Elaeocarpaceae | tree |
Eleusine indica | English: goosegrass, wiregrass, goose foot, crow's foot, bullgrass; Other: fahitalo, lau ta‘a ta‘a, ta‘a ta‘a (American Samoa and Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
English: India rubber tree, rubber plant | Moraceae | tree | |
Flacourtia rukam | English: Indian plum, Indian prune, governor's plum; Other: filimoto (American Samoa and Samoa) | Flacourtiaceae | tree |
Fabaceae | tree | ||
Funtumia elastica | English: African rubber tree, silkrubber; Other: pulu vao (Samoa) | Apocynaceae | tree |
Furcraea foetida | English: Mauritius hemp, sisal, maguey, giant cabuya | Agavaceae | succulent |
Hedychium coronarium | English: white ginger, butterfly lily, ginger lily, garland flower; Other: teuila paepae (American Samoa and Samoa) | Zingiberaceae | herb |
Heliconia spp. | English: heliconia, parrot's-flower, parrot's-plantain, crab claw, lobster claw; Other: vae paa (Samoa) | Heliconiaceae | herb |
Hevea brasiliensis | English: hevea, Brazilian rubber tree, Para rubber tree | Euphorbiaceae | tree |
English: knobweed | Lamiaceae | herb | |
English: comb hyptis, comb bushmint, mint weed, purple top; Other: vao mini (Samoa) | Lamiaceae | herb | |
Indigofera suffruticosa | English: indigo; Other: la‘au mageso (Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
English: white kyllinga, whitehead spikesedge, whitewater sedge; Other: ta‘a ta‘a, ta‘a ta‘a vili taliga, matie upo‘o, matie Tahiti, mo‘u upo‘onui, mo‘u upo‘o, tuise (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge | |
Kyllinga polyphylla | English: Navua sedge; Other: tuise tele, tuise fiti (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge |
Lantana camara | English: lantana; Other: latana (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | shrub |
Leucaena leucocephala | English: leucaena, wild tamarind, lead tree Other: fua pepe (American Samoa and Samoa), lusina, pepe (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
**Merremia peltata | English: merremia; Other: fue vae (American Samoa), fue lautetele (American Samoa and Samoa) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
Merremia tuberosa | English: wood rose, Spanish arborvine, yellow morning-glory | Convolvulaceae | vine |
English: mile-a-minute weed, Chinese creeper, American rope, bittervine; Other: fue saina (American Samoa and Samoa) | Asteraceae | vine | |
diplotricha | English: giant sensitive plant, nila grass; Other: vao fefe palagi (American Samoa and Samoa); la'au fefe palagi (Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Mimosa pudica | English: sensitive plant, sleeping grass; Other: vao fefe, vao tuitui, tuitui (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | herb |
Ocimum gratissimum | English: wild basil, clove basil, tree basil; Other: la’au sauga (Samoa) | Lamiaceae | herb |
Odontonema tubaeforme | English: fire spike, cardinal flower; Other: totoe (American Samoa and Samoa) | Acanthaceae | shrub |
Panicum maximum | English: Guinea grass, green panic, buffalograss; Other: vao kini (American Samoa and Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Paspalum conjugatum | English: T grass, ti grass, sour grass; sour palpalum, buffalo grass, carabao grass, Hilo grass (Hawai'i); Other: vaolima, (American Samoa and Samoa); vaolima matafao, vaolima papalagi (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
Paspalum paniculatum | English: Russell river grass, galmarra grass | Poaceae | grass |
English: love-in-a-mist, wild passion fruit, passionflower, stinking passionflower; Other: pasio vao (American Samoa and Samoa) | Passifloraceae | vine | |
Passiflora quadrangularis | English: granadilla, giant granadilla; Other: pasio (Samoa) | Passifloraceae | vine |
*Pinus caribaea | English: Caribbean pine, Bahamas pine; Other: paina (Samoa) | Pinaceae | tree |
Piper auritum | English: eared pepper, anise piper, Veracruz pepper; Other: ‘ava Tonga (Samoa) | Piperaceae | shrub |
English: Mexican mint, Spanish thyme, Cuban oregano | Lamiaceae | herb | |
Psidium guajava | English: guava; Other: ku‘ava (American Samoa and Samoa) | Myrtaceae | tree |
Pueraria montana var. lobata | English: kudzu, Japanese arrowroot; Other: aka (American Samoa); a'a (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | vine |
Ricinus communis | English: castor bean, castor-oil plant; Other: lama palagi, lama papalagi (American Samoa and Samoa) | Euphorbiaceae | shrub |
Ruellia prostrata | English: black weed, bell weed; Other: vao uli (American Samoa and Samoa) | Acanthaceae | herb |
Sacciolepis indica | English: glenwood grass | Poaceae | grass |
*Samanea saman | English: monkeypod, rain tree, saman; Other: malapa (Samoa) | Fabaceae | tree |
Sambucus mexicana | English: elderberry, Mexican elder | Caprifoliaceae | small tree |
Sansevieria trifasciata | English: bowstring hemp, mother-in-law’s tongue | Agavaceae | herb |
Senna alata | English: candle bush; candelabra bush, Roman candle tree, emperor's candlesticks, ringworm bush (Australia), alcapulco; Other: fa‘i lafa, la‘au fai lafa (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Senna tora | English: foetid cassia, stinking cassia, Java-bean, sickle senna, sicklepod, Chinese senna, peanut weed, sickle senna; Other: vao pinati (American Samoa and Samoa) | Fabaceae | shrub |
Sesbania grandiflora | English: sesbania, hummingbird tree, sesban, scarlet wisteria tree, corkwood tree; Other: sepania (Samoa) | Fabaceae | small tree |
Setaria pumila | English: foxtail, garden bristle grass, hairy-tail grass, yellow bristlegrass | Poaceae | grass |
Solanum capsicoides | English: cockroach berry, devil’s apple, soda apple | Solanaceae | herb |
Sphagneticola trilobata | English: wedelia, trailing daisy, Singapore daisy, creeping ox-eye | Asteraceae | herb |
Stachytarpheta cayennensis | English: blue rat's tail, dark-blue snakeweed, false verbena, nettleleaf velvetberry; Other: mautofu tai, mautofu vao, mautofu fualanumoana (American Samoa and Samoa) | Verbenaceae | herb |
Syngonium angustatum | English: arrowhead plant, goosefoot plant | Araceae | vine |
Tecoma stans | English: yellow bells, yellow-elder, yellow trumpetbush | Bignoniaceae | small tree |
Tephrosia candida | English: white tephrosia, white hoary-pea | Fabaceae | shrub |
Thevetia peruviana | English: yellow oleander, be-still tree, lucky nut | Apocynaceae | small tree |
Thunbergia fragrans | English: white lady, white thunbergia, sweet clock-vine | Acanthaceae | vine |
Tithonia diversifolia | English: tree marigold, shrub sunflower, Mexican sunflower, Japanese sunflower | Asteraceae | shrub |
Toona ciliata | English: Australian red cedar, toon, surian, Indian mahogany; Other: tuna (Samoa) | Meliaceae | tree |
*Tradescantia spathacea | English: oyster plant, boat plant, boat lily, moses in a boat | Commelinaceae | herb |
*Tradescantia zebrina | English: wandering zebrina, wandering jew, inchplant | Commelinaceae | herb |
Triumfetta rhomboidea | English: Chinese burr, paroquet burr, burr bush; Other: mautofu, mautofu vao (American Samoa and Samoa) | Tiliaceae | shrub |
Urochloa subquadripara | English: brachiaria, green summer grass, tropical signalgrass, cori grass | Poaceae | grass |
*Cultivated
**Native
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revised 22 April 2006