Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Report on invasive plant species in American Samoa
Appendix 2
able 1. Species that are invasive elsewhere in similar ecosystems but are not known to be present in American Samoa| Scientific Name | Common Names | Family | Habit |
| Acacia confusa | English: Formosa koa, Formosa acacia; Other: sosigi, shoshigi, sosugi, boiffuring (Guam and CNMI–Chamorro); serepa, soschghi (CNMI–Carolinian); pilampwoia (Pohnpei); ianángi, yanangi (Palau) | Fabaceae | tree |
| Acacia farnesiana | English: Ellington curse, klu, sweet acacia; French: cassie; Other: aroma, popinac, kandaroma (Guam, CNMI); kolu (Hawai'i); vaivai vaka-vatona, vaivai vakavotona, ban baburi, oki (Fiji); te kaibakoa (Kiribati); debena (Nauru) | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Acacia longifolia | English: Sydney golden wattle, golden wattle, long-leaved wattle, long-leaved acacia, sallow wattle, coast wattle, golden rods | Fabaceae | tree |
| Acacia mearnsii | English: black wattle; French: acacia noir | Fabaceae | tree |
| Acacia melanoxylon | English: Australian blackwood, blackwood acacia | Fabaceae | tree |
| Acacia nilotica | English: prickly acacia, black thorn, Egyptian thorn, Nile acacia, algaroba, babul, gum arabic tree; French: acacia à gomme; Spanish: algarrobo; Other: tiare (New Caledonia) | Fabaceae | tree |
| Acacia spp. | English: acacia | Fabaceae | shrubs/trees |
| Agave sisalana | English: sisal, sisal hemp; Other: ndali, natali (Fiji); Other: ndali, natali (Fiji), malina (Hawai'i) | Agavaceae | herb |
| Ageratina riparia | English: spreading mistflower, creeping croftonweed, river eupatorium; Other: hamakua pamakani (Hawai‘i) | Asteraceae | shrub |
| Ailanthus altissima | English: tree of heaven, varnishtree | Simaroubaceae | tree |
| Albizia chinensis | English: Chinese albizia, silktree | Fabaceae | tree |
| Albizia lebbeck | English: siris-tree, rain tree, East Indian walnut, kokko, woman's-tongue tree, soros-tree, raom tree ; French: bois noir; Other: trongkon-mames, tronkon mames, mamis (Guam); kalaskas, trongkon-kalaskas (CNMI–Chamorro); schepil kalaskas (CNMI–Carolinian); ukall ra ngebard (Palau); gumorningabchey; ngumorrningobchey (Yap); 'ohai (Hawai'i); vaivai, vaivai ni vavalangi, vaivai ni vavalagi (Fiji); tamaligi pa’epa’e (Samoa); kasia (Tonga) | Fabaceae | tree |
| Alpinia purpurata | English: red ginger; Other: thevunga (Fiji); ‘awapuhi ‘ula‘ula (Hawai‘i); teuila (Samoa); tevunga (Tonga) | Zingiberaceae | herb |
| Alstonia macrophylla | English: devil-tree | Apocynaceae | tree |
| Alternanthera philoxeroides | English: alligator weed | Amaranthaceae | herb |
| Andropogon gayanus | English: gamba grass, tambuki grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Andropogon glomeratus | English: bush beardgrass, bushy bluestem | Poaceae | grass |
| Andropogon virginicus | English: broomsedge, yellow bluestem, whisky grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Annona glabra | English: pond apple, alligator apple, bullock's heart, cherimoyer; French: annone des marais, corossolier des marais; Other: uto ni mbulumakau, uto ni bulumakau, kaitambo, kaitambu (Fiji) | Annonaceae | tree |
| Annona muricata | English: soursop, prickly custard apple; French: corossolier, cacheimantier épineux, cachiman épineux, corossol épineux; Other: saasaf, sasaf (Chuuk); tapotapo papaa (French Polynesia); laguana, laguaná, laguanaha, laguanaba, labuanaha (Guam); sosap (Kosrae); jojaab (Marshall Islands); syasyap (Northern Mariana Islands), talapo fotofoto (Niue), sausab (Palau); sei, sae, truka shai (Pohnpei); sasalapa (Samoa); ‘apele ‘initia (Tonga); sausau (Yap) | Annonaceae | tree |
| Annona squamosa | English: sugar apple, sweetsop, custard apple, sugar apple; French: annone écailleuse, pomme-canelle; Other: atis, ates (Guam); ngel ra ngebard (Palau), ‘apele papalangi, ‘apele Tonga (Tonga), tapotapo (French Polynesia) | Annonaceae | tree |
| Anredera cordifolia | English: Madeira vine, mignonette vine, lamb's tails; Other: ‘uala hupe (Hawai‘i); filikafa (Niue) | Basellaceae | vine |
| Anthoxanthum odoratum | English: sweet vernalgrass, spring grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Araujia sericifera | English: moth plant, moth catcher, white bladder flower | Asclepiadaceae | shrub |
| Ardisia crenata | English: hen's eyes, Hilo holly, coral berry, Australian holly, scratchthroat; French: arbre à noël | Myrsinaceae | shrub |
| Ardisia elliptica | English: shoebutton ardisia; Other: ati popa'a, atiu (French Polynesia) | Myrsinaceae | shrub |
| Argyreia nervosa | English: elephant creeper, Hawaiian baby woodrose , silver morning glory, woolly morning glory; French: coup d'air, liane a minguet, liane d' argent | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Aristolochia littoralis | English: Dutchman's pipe, calico flower; Other: fue paipa holani (Tonga) | Aristolochiaceae | vine |
| Arthrostemma ciliatum | English: everblooming eavender | Melastomataceae | herb |
| Arundo donax | English: giant reed, Spanish reed, wild cane; French: canne de Provence, grand roseau; Other: ngasau ni vavalangi (Fiji); fiso papalagi (Samoa); kaho folalahi (Tonga) | Poaceae | grass |
| Asparagus densiflorus | English: asparagus fern, sprengeri fern, smilax, regal fern | Liliaceae | herb |
| Asparagus setaceus | English: ornamental asparagus, climbing asparagus fern, plumosa; French: asperge plumeuse; Other: taupo ‘ou (Tonga) | Liliaceae | vine |
| Austroeupatorium inulaefolium | Asteraceae | herb | |
| Axonopus compressus | English: blanket grass, carpetgrass; Other: kambutu ni vavalangi (Fiji), vaolima (Samoa) | Poaceae | grass |
| Azolla pinnata | English: mosquito fern, ferny azolla, water velvet | Azollaceae | fern |
| Barleria lupulina | English: hophead, Philippine violet | Acanthaceae | shrub |
| Barleria prionitis | English: barleria, porcupine flower | Acanthaceae | shrub |
| Bauhinia variegata | English: orchid tree; mountain ebony, butterfly tree (Fiji); French: bois de boeuf, sabot boeuf, arbre de Saint-Thomas | Fabaceae | tree |
| Blainvillea gayana | Asteraceae | herb | |
| Bocconia frutescens | English: bocconia, plume-poppy, tree celandine, parrotweed | Papaveraceae | shrub |
| Boerhavia coccinea | English: boerhavia, hog weed, hog feed, red spiderling, wineflower, tar vine; Other: mata pavo, patagon | Nyctaginaceae | herb |
| Breynia disticha | English: snowbush, snowbush breynia, sweetpea bush, foliage-flower | Euphorbiaceae | shrub |
| Brillantaisia lamium | Acanthaceae | shrub | |
| Bryophyllum delagoense | English: chandelier plant | Crassulaceae | herb |
| Buddleja asiatica | English: dog tail; Other: huelo ‘ilio (Hawai'i) | Scrophulariaceae | shrub |
| Buddleja davidii | English: orange eye, butterfly bush, summer lilac | Scrophulariaceae | shrub |
| Buddleja madagascariensis | English: butterfly bush, smoke bush | Scrophulariaceae | shrub |
| Caesalpinia decapetala | English: cats claw, Mysore thorn, Mauritius thorn, wait-a-bit; French: bois sappan; Other: puakelekino (Hawai'i) | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Calamus spp. | English: rattan; Other: rotan, bejuko-n-halumtano, rotan bejuro-n-halumtan (Guam); bangerenguis ra ngebard (Palau) | Arecaceae | shrub (palm) |
| Calliandra haematocephala | English: red powder puff; French: pompon | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Calliandra surinamensis | English: Surinamese stickpea | Fabaceae | tree |
| Callisia fragrans | English: fragrant inch plant, basketplant, spironema | Commelinaceae | herb |
| Calotropis procera | English: calotropis, rubber bush, apple of Sodom, mudar, madar, king’s crown, roostertree; French: arbre à soie | Asclepiadaceae | shrub/tree |
| Cardiospermum grandiflorum | English: balloon vine; heart seed | Sapindaceae | vine |
| Cardiospermum halicacabum | English: balloon vine, heart pea, love-in-a-puff; Other: wa niu, vo niu (Fiji); vinivinio (French Polynesia), poniu, haleakai‘a, ‘inalua, pohuehue uka (Hawai'i) | Sapindaceae | vine |
| Carpobrotus edulis | English: ice plant, pigface, hottentot fig | Aizoaceae | succulent |
| Cecropia obtusifolia | English: trumpet tree, guarumo | Cecropiaceae | tree |
| Cecropia peltata | English: trumpet tree; French: parasolier, faux-ricin, pisse-roux, bois cannon | Cecropiaceae | tree |
| Cenchrus brownii | English: burgrass, burr grass, sand-bur, slimbristle sandbur | Poaceae | grass |
| Cenchrus ciliaris | English: buffelgrass, African foxtail grass, anjan grass; French: cenchrus cilié | Poaceae | grass |
| Cestrum parqui | English: green cestrum, willow-leaved jessamine, Chilean cestrum, green poison-berry | Solanaceae | shrub |
| Chloris radiata | English: plush-grass, radiate fingergrass | Poaceae | grass |
| Chromolaena odorata | English: Siam weed, triffid weed, bitter bush, Jack in the bush; French: herbe du Laos; Other: kesengesil, masigsig (Guam); otuot (Chuuk), ngesngesil (Palau); wisolmatenrehwei (Pohnpei); mahsrihsrihk (Kosrae); hagonoy, agonoi, huluhagonoi (Philippines) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Chrysobalanus icaco | English: coco plum, icaco; French: icacier, icaquier, icaque, prune colon; Other: apolo (Fiji) | Chrysobalanaceae | shrub |
| Chrysophyllum oliviforme | English: satin leaf, wild star-apple, damson plum; Spanish: caimitillo | Sapotaceae | tree |
| Cinchona pubescens | English: quinine tree, red cinchona; French: quinquina rouge; Spanish: cascarilla | Rubiaceae | tree |
| Cinnamomum burmanni | English: padang cassia; French: cannelier de Malaisie | Lauraceae | tree |
| Cinnamomum camphora | English: camphor tree, camphor laurel; French: camphre, camphrier | Lauraceae | tree |
| Cirsium vulgare | English: spear thistle, Scotch thistle, bull thistle, black thistle, plume thistle; Other: pua kali (Hawai'i) | Asteraceae | herb |
| Cissus nodosa | English: grape ivy | Vitaceae | liana |
| Citharexylum caudatum | English: juniper berry | Verbenaceae | tree |
| Citharexylum spinosum | English: fiddlewood; Other: masese (Fiji) | Verbenaceae | tree |
| Clausena excavata | English: clausena | Rutaceae | tree |
| Clitoria ternatea | English: butterfly pea, Asian pigeonwings; French: honte; Other: buikike, bukike, paokeke, bukike paokeke, capa de la reina, kapa de la raina (Guam); putitainubia (CNMI); pepe (Niue); latoela, nawa (Fiji), paipa (Tonga) | Fabaceae | vine |
| Clusia rosea | English: signature tree, autograph tree, copey, Scotch attorney, pitchapple | Guttiferae | tree |
| Coccinia grandis | English: ivy gourd, scarlet-fruited gourd; Other: kundru (Fiji); kiuri awia (Marshall Islands); aipikohr (Pohnpei) | Cucurbitaceae | vine |
| Coffea arabica | English: coffee; French: café, caféier d’ Arabie; Spanish: café, cafeto; Other: kove (Fiji); kofe (Fiji, Niue, Samoa), kofi (Tonga); kafe (Marquesas); taofe (Tahiti) | Rubiaceae | tree |
| Conocarpus erectus | English: sea mulberry, buttonwood, button mangrove | Combretaceae | shrub/tree |
| Cordia alliodora | English: laurel, Ecuador laurel, salmwood, Spanish elm; French: bois de Chypre, pardillo; Other: kotia (Samoa, Tonga) | Boraginaceae | tree |
| Cordia curassavica | English: black sage | Boraginaceae | shrub |
| Cordia glabra | English: broad-leaved cordia | Boraginaceae | tree |
| Cortaderia jubata | English: jubata grass, Andean pampas grass, purple pampas grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Cortaderia selloana | English: pampas grass, silver pampas grass, Uruguayan pampas grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Corynocarpus laevigatus | English: New Zealand laurel, karakara nut | Corynocarpaceae | tree |
| Cotoneaster pannosus | English: silver-leaf cotoneaster | Rosaceae | shrub |
| Crotalaria micans | English: crotalaria; Other: pine kotalelia, pile (Niue) | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Cryptostegia grandiflora | English: rubber vine, India rubber vine, Palay rubbervine; Other: liane de gatope (New Caledonia) | Asclepiadaceae | vine |
| Cryptostegia madagascariensis | English: Madagascar rubbervine | Asclepiadaceae | vine |
| Cupaniopsis anacardioides | English: carrotwood, tuckeroo | Sapindaceae | tree |
| Cuscuta campestris | English: golden dodder, field dodder, five-angled dodder; Other: navereverelangi, wa vereverelangi, wa lawala, wa mbosuthu, wa ndanga, wa tikaivu, ndithangi (Fiji) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Cyathea cooperi | English: Australian tree fern | Cyatheaceae | fern |
| Dalbergia sissoo | English: Indian dalbergia, Indian rosewood, sissoo, shisham; French: ébénier juane | Fabaceae | tree |
| Delairea odorata | English: German ivy, Italian ivy, cape ivy | Asteraceae | vine |
| Derris elliptica | English: derris; Other: tuba, bagin (Guam); oop, op (Kosrae); dub (Palau); up (Chuuk, Pohnpei); peinuhp, uhp, upanai, upanyap, upkesetik (Pohnpei); yuub (Yap); nduva, duva ni vavalagi, nduva ni vavalangi (Fiji) | Fabaceae | vine |
| Dichrostachys cinerea | English: aroma, Kalahari Christmas tree, Chinese lantern tree, sickle bush, marabou-thorn, marabú, Sen Domeng, Saint Domingue, acacia Saint Domingue | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Digitaria insularis | English: cottongrass, sourgrass, feather-top grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Dillenia suffruticosa | English: shrubby dillenia, shrubby simpoh | Dilleniaceae | shrub/tree |
| Echinochloa polystachya | English: aleman grass, carib grass, creeping rivergrass | Poaceae | grass |
| Egeria densa | English: egeria, leafy elodea, dense waterweed | Hydrocharitaceae | aquatic herb |
| Elaeagnus umbellata | English: autumn olive, oleaster, silverberry | Elaeagnaceae | shrub |
| Elaeis guineensis | English: African oil palm; French: palmier à huile d'Afrique; Other: apwiraiasi (Pohnpei) | Arecaceae | tree |
| Epipremnum pinnatum cv. 'Aureum' | English: pothos, money plant; Other: yalu, wa yalu, wa lu, alu, halu, waloa, matha, nanggalanggala, nanggalinggali, tonga, tanga (Fiji); alu (Tonga) | Araceae | vine |
| Erigeron karvinskianus | English: Mexican daisy, seaside daisy, daisy fleabane | Asteraceae | herb |
| Eriobotrya japonica | English: loquat, Japanese plum, Japanese medlar; French: bibassier, néflier du Japon; Other: loketi (Tonga) | Rosaceae | tree |
| Ficus altissima | English: lofty fig, false banyan, council tree | Moraceae | tree |
| Ficus macrophylla | English: Moreton Bay fig | Moraceae | tree |
| Ficus microcarpa | English: Chinese banyan, Malayan banyan, Indian laurel; Other: lulk (Palau); nunu (Chamorro, CNMI) | Moraceae | tree |
| Ficus nota | English: tibig | Moraceae | tree |
| Ficus rubiginosa | English: rusty-leaved fig, Port Jackson fig, littleleaf fig | Moraceae | tree |
| Flemingia strobilifera | English: luck plant, wild hops; French: sainfoin du bengale; Other: besungelaiei (Palau) | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Flindersia brayleyana | English: Queensland maple, silkwood | Rutaceae | tree |
| Fraxinus uhdei | English: tropical ash, Mexican ash, shamel ash | Oleaceae | tree |
| Fuchsia boliviana | English: fuchsia, lady’s eardrops, earring flower | Onagraceae | tree |
| Fuchsia magellanica | English: hardy fuchsia, earring flower; Other: kulapepeiao (Hawai'i) | Onagraceae | shrub |
| Fuchsia paniculata | English: fuchsia, lady’s eardrops | Onagraceae | shrub |
| Funtumia elastica | English: African rubber tree, silkrubber; French: arbre à caoutchouc; Other: pulu vao (Samoa) | Apocynaceae | tree |
| Furcraea foetida | English: Mauritius hemp, sisal, maguey, giant cabuya; French: aloès vert, chanvre de Maurice; Other: malina (Hawai‘i (Ni‘ihau)); toua (Niue); lautalotalo papalagi (Samoa); faumalila, fau malila (Tonga) | Agavaceae | succulent |
| Furcraea hexapetala | English: Cuban hemp, hemp; Other: cubuya (Galapagos Islands) | Agavaceae | succulent |
| Gomphocarpus physocarpus | English: balloon plant, bladderbush | Asclepiadaceae | shrub |
| Grevillea banksii | English: kahili flower, Banks grevillea; Other: ha‘iku, kahili (Hawai‘i); ‘oka pua ‘ula‘ula (Hawai‘i (Ni‘ihau)) | Proteaceae | tree |
| Grevillea robusta | English: silk oak, silky oak, he oak, silver oak, spider flower; Other: ‘oka kilika, ha‘iku ke‘oke‘o (Hawai'i), oke‘ (Tonga) | Proteaceae | tree |
| Grewia asiatica | English: phalsa | Tiliaceae | tree |
| Gymnocoronis spilanthoides | English: Senegal tea, temple plant | Asteraceae | herb |
| Haematoxylum campechianum | English: logwood, bloodwood tree, campeachy wood, campeche | Fabaceae | tree |
| Harungana madagascariensis | English: harungana | Clusiaceae | tree |
| Hedychium gardnerianum | English: kahili gingerOther: cevuga dromodromo (Fiji); kahili, ‘awapuhi kahili (Hawai‘i); sinter weitahta (Pohnpei) | Zingiberaceae | herb |
| Heliconia spp. | English: heliconia, parrot's-flower, parrot's-plantain, crab claw, lobster claw | Heliconiaceae | herb |
| Heliocarpus popayanensis | English: moho, white moho | Tiliaceae | tree |
| Heterocentron subtriplinervium | English: pearl flower | Melastomataceae | herb |
| Hippobroma longiflora | English: star of Bethlehem, fetia, madamfate; Other: pua hōkū (Hawai'i) | Campanulaceae | herb |
| Hiptage benghalensis | English: hiptage; French: liane de cerf | Malpighiaceae | shrub |
| Holcus lanatus | English: common velvet grass, Yorkshire fog | Poaceae | grass |
| Hydrilla verticillata | English: hydrilla, Florida elodea, water thyme | Hydrocharitaceae | herb |
| Hylocereus undatus | English: night-blooming cereus, strawberry pear, red pitaya, dragon fruit, pitahaya; French: pitaya, pitahaya rouge; Spanish: flor de Caliz; Other: paniniokapunahou, papipi pua (Hawai'i) | Cactaceae | succulent |
| Hymenachne amplexicaulis | English: hymenachne, trompetilla, West Indian marsh grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Hyparrhenia rufa | English: jaragua grass, thatching grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Hypochoeris radicata | English: hairy cat’s ear, gosmore | Asteraceae | herb |
| Hyptis capitata | English: knobweed; Other: botones, batunes (Guam); t'aiegarabao, pathpath (Yap), maa uupo (French Polynesia) | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Hyptis suaveolens | English: wild spikenard, chan; French: gros baume, hyptis à odeur; Other: mumutun (Guam) | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Ipomoea aquatica | English: aquatic morning glory, swamp cabbage, water spinach, ung-choi, kang kong; French: liseron d'eau, patate aquatique; Other: ota karisa, ota karisi, wa kumala, ndrinikava, luve ne tombithi (Fiji), cancon, kangkun (Guam); te kang kong (Kiribati); lorenzo (Nauru), ‘umala vai (Samoa); kangkong (Yap) | Convolvulaceae | aquatic herb |
| Ischaemum polystachyum | English: paddle grass; Other: mah (Kosrae); reh padil (Pohnpei) | Poaceae | grass |
| Ischaemum rugosum | English: muraina grass, wrinkle duck-beak, saramatta grass; Other: tho muraina, co muraina (Fiji) | Poaceae | grass |
| Ischaemum timorense | English: centipede grass, stalkleaf murainagrass, lucuntu grass; Other: waidoi grass (Fiji) | Poaceae | grass |
| Jacaranda mimosifolia | English: jacaranda | Bignoniaceae | tree |
| Jasminum fluminense | English: Brazilian jasmine | Oleaceae | vine |
| Jatropha curcas | English: physic nut, purging nut, Barbados nut; French: médicinier, pignon d'Inde, purghère; Other: wiriwiri, wiriwiri ni vavalangi, uto ni vavalangi, banidakai, mbanindakai, manggele, maqele, ndrala (Fiji); fiki (Fiji, Tonga); tuba-tuba (Guam); kuku‘ihi (Hawai‘i), kuikui Pake (Hawai‘i (Ni‘ihau), laupata (Samoa) | Euphorbiaceae | shrub |
| Jatropha gossypiifolia | English: bellyache bush, cotton-leaved physic nut | Euphorbiaceae | shrub |
| Juncus spp. | English: rush | Juncaceae | rush |
| Justicia carnea | English: pink plume-flower, pink jacobinia | Acanthaceae | shrub |
| Khaya senegalensis | English: African mahogany, Senegal mahogany | Meliaceae | tree |
| Kunzea ericoides | English: tree manuka, tree manuba, kanuka (New Zealand), burgan, white teatree | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Kyllinga polyphylla | English: Navua sedge; Other: tuise tele, tuise fiti (Samoa) | Cyperaceae | sedge |
| Lablab purpureus | English: hyacinth bean, lablab, bonavist, Egyptian kidney bean, dolichos; French: dolique, dolique d'Egypte, pois nourrice; Other: ndralawa, natomba, tomba (Fiji); cheribilla apaka, chuchumeko (Guam); papapa, pi (Hawai'i); pini lae puaka (Tonga) | Fabaceae | vine |
| Lemna spp. | English: duckweed; Other: fala‘o‘oto (Samoa) | Lemnaceae | herb |
| Leonotis nepetifolia | English: lion’s tail, lion’s ear, Christmas candlestick; French: gros bouton, gros tête | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Leonurus japonicus | English: lion’s tail, Chinese motherwort | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Leptospermum scoparium | English: New Zealand tea; manuka (New Zealand) | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Licuala grandis | English: ruffled fan palm; French: palmier-cuillère | Arecaceae | tree (palm) |
| Lophostemon confertus | English: brush box, Brisbane box, vinegar tree | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Ludwigia peruviana | English: ludwigia, Peruvian primrose, water primrose | Onagraceae | shrub |
| Macfadyena unguis-cati | English: cat's-claw climber | Bignoniaceae | vine |
| Macroptilium atropurpureum | English: siratro, purple bushbean | Fabaceae | herb |
| Maesopsis eminii | English: umbrella tree, musizi | Rhamnaceae | tree |
| Medinilla magnifica | English: chandelier tree, showy melastome, showy medinilla, Malaysian orchid | Melastomataceae | shrub |
| Medinilla venosa | English: holdtight | Melastomataceae | shrub |
| Melaleuca quinquenervia | English: melaleuca, cajeput, paper bark tree, punk tree; Other: niaouli (New Caledonia) | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Melastoma candidum | English: Asian melastome, Indian rhododendron, Malabar melastome | Melastomataceae | tree |
| Melastoma sanguineum | English: fox-tongued melastoma, red melastome | Melastomataceae | shrub/tree |
| Melia azedarach | English: Chinaberry, pride-of-India, indian lilac, Persian lilac, white cedar, margosa tree, tira; French: lilas des Indes, arbre à chapelets; Spanish: jazmin (Galapagos Is.); Other: dake, bakain (Fiji), paraiso, para'isu (Guam); ‘inia, ‘ilinia (Hawai‘i)sili, tili (Niue); lelah (Pohnpei); sita (Tonga); prais (Yap) | Meliaceae | tree |
| Melicoccus bijugatus | English: Spanish lime | Sapindaceae | tree |
| Melinis minutiflora | English: melinis, molasses grass; French: herbe molasses, herbe à miel; Other: puakatau (Tonga) | Poaceae | grass |
| Melinis repens | English: Natal redtop, Natal grass, red Natal grass, Holme's grass, blanketgrass; French: herbe du Natal, herbe rose, herbe pappangue; tricholène (New Caledonia); Other: salapona (Tonga) | Poaceae | grass |
| Melochia umbellata | English: melochia | Sterculiaceae | tree |
| Memecylon floribundum | Melastomataceae | shrub | |
| Merremia tuberosa | English: wood rose, Spanish arborvine, yellow morning-glory; French: liane-à-tonelle, liane-jaune; Other: pilikai (Hawai'i) | Convolvulaceae | vine |
| Miconia calvescens | English: miconia, velvetleaf, purple plague, bush currant | Melastomataceae | tree |
| Microlaena stipoides | English: meadow ricegrass, weeping grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Mikania scandens | English: climbing hempweed, climbing hempvine | Asteraceae | vine |
| Mimosa pigra | English: catclaw mimosa, thorny sensitiveplant, giant mimosa, giant sensitive plant, black mimosa, zaraz, dormilona, bashful plant, amourette violet; French: amourette riviére | Fabaceae | shrub |
| Montanoa hibiscifolia | English: montanoa, tree daisy, Anzac flower | Asteraceae | shrub |
| Morella faya | English: fayatree, firetree, firebush | Myricaceae | tree |
| Moringa oleifera | English: horseradish tree, drumstick tree, ben nut, morango; French: ben ailée, moringa ailée, pois quénique; Other: malungkai, marronggai, marungai, marunggai, malungay, katdes (Guam); sajina (Fiji) | Moringaceae | tree |
| Mucuna pruriens | English: cow itch, velvet bean, Bengal bean, Mauritius bean; French: pois pouilleux, poil à gratter; Other: akangkang dangkulo (Guam) | Fabaceae | vine |
| Muntingia calabura | English: jam tree, strawberry tree, Jamaican cherry, Singapore cherry, Panama cherry, Panama berry, ornamental cherry, calabura, sirsen; French: bois ramier; Other: budo (Yap, Palau); manzanilla, mansanita, manzanita (Guam, CNMI), capulin (Fiji, French Polynesia) | Tiliaceae | tree |
| Murraya paniculata | English: orange jessamine, satin-wood, Chinese box, Hawaiian mock orange | Rutaceae | shrub/tree |
| Myriophyllum aquaticum | English: parrot's feather, water feather, Brazilian water milfoil | Haloragidaceae | aquatic herb |
| Nassella cernua | English: nodding tussockgrass | Poaceae | grass |
| Neonotonia wightii | English: glycine; French: soja pérenne | Fabaceae | vine |
| Nymphaea spp. | English: water lily | Nymphaeaceae | herb |
| Ochna kirkii | English: Micky Mouse plant, bird’s-eye bush | Ochnaceae | shrub/tree |
| Ochna serrulata | English: ochna, Mickey-Mouse plant, bird’s-eye bush | Ochnaceae | shrub |
| Ochroma pyramidale | English: balsa, corkwood, down tree | Bombacaceae | tree |
| Olea europaea | English: olive; Other: ‘oliwa, ‘oliwa haole (Hawai'i) | Oleaceae | tree |
| Ossaea marginata | Melastomataceae | shrub | |
| Oxyspora paniculata | English: oxyspora, bristletips | Melastomataceae | shrub |
| Paederia foetida | English: stink vine, skunk vine; Other: maile pilau, maile ka kahiki (Hawai'i). | Rubiaceae | vine |
| Panicum repens | English: torpedo grass, couch panicum, creeping panic; French: panic rampant, millet rampant; Other: wainaku grass (Hawai'i) | Poaceae | grass |
| Paraserianthes lophantha | English: brush wattle, plume albizia, plume acacia, stink bean | Fabaceae | shrub/tree |
| Parkinsonia aculeata | English: parkinsonia, Jerusalem thorn, horse-bean, retama; French: arrêtenègre; Spanish: palo verde | Fabaceae | tree |
| Parthenium hysterophorus | English: bitterweed, carrot grass, false ragweed, feverfew, parthenium weed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop, Santa Maria | Asteraceae | herb |
| Passiflora alata | English: wild passion fruit, wingstem passionflower | Passifloraceae | shrub |
| Passiflora caerulea | English: blue passion flower | Passifloraceae | shrub |
| Passiflora coccinea | English: scarlet passion flower, red passion flower, red granadilla | Passifloraceae | shrub |
| Passiflora edulis | English: passion fruit, yellow passion fruit, purple passion fruit, qarandila, purple granadilla; French: grenadille; Spanish: maracuya (Galapagos Is.); Other: liliko‘i (Hawai‘i), pompom (Pohnpei); pasio (Samoa); vaine (Tonga) | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Passiflora laurifolia | English: yellow granadilla, belle apple, yellow water-lemon; French: pomme-liane, pomme d'or; Other: pasio (Samoa); vaine 'ae kuma (Tonga) | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Passiflora ligularis | English: sweet granadilla, yellow passionfruit; French: granadille, grenadille douce, barbadine; French: granadille, grenadille douce, barbadine; Other: lemi wai, lani wai, lemona (Hawai‘i) | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Passiflora pulchella | English: two-lobed passion flower, wingleaf passionfruit | Passifloraceae | shrub |
| Passiflora quadrangularis | English: granadilla, giant granadilla; French: barbadine; Spanish: badea (Galapagos Is.); Other: parapotina maata (Cook Islands); para pautini (French Polynesia); palasini, palatini, vine fua lalahi, vine palasini, tinitini (Niue); kudamono (Palau); pasio (Samoa); pasione (Tonga) | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Passiflora rubra | English: red passionfruit, Dutchman's laudanum | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Passiflora suberosa | English: wild passionfruit, devil's pumpkin, indigo berry, corky passionflower, corkstem passionflower; French: passiflore, grenadille; Spanish: uvilla (Galapagos Is.); Other: huehue haole (Hawai'i) | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Passiflora tarminiana | English: banana poka, banana passionfruit, bananadilla | Passifloraceae | vine |
| Paulownia tomentosa | English: paulownia, princess-tree, Chinese empress tree, karri-tree | Scrophulariaceae | tree |
| Pennisetum clandestinum | English: kikuyu grass, kikuyo | Poaceae | grass |
| Pennisetum polystachion | English: mission grass, feathery pennisetum; French: queue de chat; Other: mechen katu (Chuuk), pwokso, dipw rais (Pohnpei), o tamata (Fiji) | Poaceae | grass |
| Pennisetum setaceum | English: fountain grass | Poaceae | grass |
| Persea americana | English: avocado, alligator pear; French: l’avocat; Spanish: aguacate; Other: apoka (Cook Islands); pea (Fiji); avoka (Niue, Tonga); aviota (Samoa); avota (Samoa and Tahiti); bata (Palau); alageta (Chamorro, Guam) | Lauraceae | tree |
| Philadelphus karwinskyanus | English: philadelphus, evergreen mock orange, syringa | Saxifragaceae | shrub |
| Phormium tenax | English: New Zealand flax, New Zealand hemp, bush flax | Agavaceae | herb |
| Phyllostachys nigra | English: black bamboo; French: bambou noir | Poaceae | shrub |
| Pimenta dioica | English: pimento, allspice; Other: sipaisi (Tonga) | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Pimenta racemosa | English: bay tree, bay rum tree, bay oil tree, malagueta; Other: sinamoni (Tonga) | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Pinus caribaea | English: Caribbean pine, Bahamas pine; Other: paina (Samoa), paini (Tonga) | Pinaceae | tree |
| Piper aduncum | English: spiked pepper; Other: yaqona ni Onolulu, yanggona ni Onolulu (Fiji) | Piperaceae | tree |
| Piper auritum | English: eared pepper, anise piper, Veracruz pepper; Spanish: hoja santa, anisillo, hinojo, sabalero, hoja de la estrella; Other: Hawaiian sakau, false sakau, false kava (Pohnpei) | Piperaceae | shrub |
| Pistia stratiotes | English: water lettuce, tropical duckweed; French: laitue d'eau, pistie; Other: lechuguita de agua, repollo de agua , apon-apon, apoe-apoe, beo-cai, chawk | Araceae | aquatic herb |
| Pithecellobium dulce | English: Madras thorn, Manila tamarind; French: pois sucré; Other: kamachuri (Chuuk); camachili, kamachile, kamachiles, kamachili (Guam); kamachili, kamatire (CNMI Chamorro), ghamasiligh (CNMI-Carolinian); kamatsiri, kamatsíri, opiuma (Palau): 'opiuma (Hawai'i); kataiya (Fiji) | Fabaceae | tree |
| Pittosporum pentandrum | English: pittosporum, Taiwanese cheesewood, mamalis | Pittosporaceae | shrub/tree |
| Pittosporum tobira | English: tobira, Japanese pittosporum, Japanese cheesewood, mock orange, Australian laurel | Pittosporaceae | shrub/tree |
| Pittosporum undulatum | English: Victorian box, Victorian laurel, Australian cheesewood, mock orange, sweet pittosporum, orange pittosporum | Pittosporaceae | tree |
| Pittosporum viridiflorum | English: cape pittosporum | Pittosporaceae | tree |
| Platycerium bifurcatum | English: elkhorn fern, staghorn fern | Selaginellaceae | fern |
| Plectranthus amboinicus | English: Mexican mint, Spanish thyme, Cuban oregano; French: oreille; Other: rhaivoki, sage (Fiji); pasiole (Niue, Tonga); la‘au tai‘e, lau tai‘e, militini (Samoa); kaloni (Tonga) | Lamiaceae | herb |
| Pluchea carolinensis | English: sour bush | Asteraceae | shrub |
| Pluchea indica | English: Indian fleabane, Indian pluchea, Indian camphorweed | Asteraceae | shrub |
| Praxelis clematidea | English: praxelis | Asteraceae | herb |
| Prosopis spp. | English: mesquite, algaroba; Spanish: algarrobo | Fabaceae | tree |
| Psidium cattleianum | English: strawberry guava, cherry guava, Cattley guava, Chinese guava; French: goyavier de Chine; Other: kuahpa (Pohnpei); waiawi ‘ula‘ula (Hawai'i); ngguava (Fiji), tuava tinito (French Polynesia); kua‘va (Samoa) | Myrtaceae | tree |
| Psidium guineense | English: Brazilian guava, Guinea guava; French: goyavier du Brésil | Myrtaceae | shrub/tree |
| Pueraria phaseoloides | English: tropical kudzu, puero | Fabaceae | vine |
| Pyracantha angustifolia | English: firethorn | Rosaceae | shrub |
| Pyrostegia venusta | English: flame vine, flame flower, golden shower, orange trumpet vine | Bignoniaceae | vine |
| Quisqualis indica | English: Rangoon creeper | Combretaceae | vine |
| Ravenala madagascariensis | English: traveler’s palm, traveler’s tree, ravenale; French: arbre à voyageur | Strelitziaceae | tree |
| Rhodomyrtus tomentosa | English: rose myrtle, downy myrtle, Isenberg bush | Myrtaceae | shrub |
| Rhynchospora caduca | Cyperaceae | herb | |
| Rivina humilis |