This page contains references for Phragmites spp. as invasive species. This page is a product of the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project [HEAR].
For more references, see "The Biology of Australian Weeds" (listed below under Hocking et al.).
Caffrey, J. M. 1996: Glyphosate in fisheries management. Hydrobiologia 340: 259-263.
Chambers, R. M.; Meyerson, L. A.; Saltonstall, K. In press: Expansion of common reed into titdal wetlands of North America. Aquatic Botany Special issue on common reed.
Champion, P. D. 1996: Trial to evaluate the control of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steud. using a selection of herbicides. Report to Hawkes Bay Regional Council, NIWA, Hamilton.
Champion, P.D.; Clayton, J.S. (in prep) Update of adventive aquatic plant distribution in New Zealand and ranking model to determine priorities.
Connor, H. E.1998: Evidence presented at a Biosecurity Exemption Application by the Selwyn District Council to the Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch, September 1998.
Connor, H. E.; Dawson, M. I.; Keating, R. D.; Gill, L.S. 1998: Chromosome numbers of Phragmites australis (Arundineae:Gramineae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 36: 465-469.
Cronk, Q. C. B.; Fuller, J. L. 1995; Plant Invaders. New York, Chapman and Hall.
Davis, M. C. 1998: Evidence presented at a Biosecurity Exemption Application by the Selwyn District Council to the Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch, September 1998.
Elton, C. S. 1958: The Ecology of Invasiosn by Animals and Plants. London, Methuen.
Edgar, E.; Connor, H. E.; Shand, J. E. 1991: Checklist of oryzoid, arundinoid, and chloridoid grasses naturalised in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 29: 117-129.
Findlayson, C. M. 1983: Use of aquatic plants to treat waste waters in irrigation areas of Australia. Technical Proceedings of the Australian Water and Wastwater Association 10 th Federal Convention, Sydney, New South Wales, Section 25, pp 1-10.
Esler, A. E.; Liefting, L. W.; Champion, P. D. 1993: Biological success and weediness of the noxious plants of New Zealand. Hamilton, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
Fitter, A. H.; Peat, H. J. 1994: The ecological flora database. Journal of Ecology 82: 415-425.
Gough, J. 1998: Evidence presented at a Biosecurity Exemption Application by the Selwyn District Council to the Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch, September 1998.
Haslam, S. M. 1969: The reed: a study of Phragmites communis Trin. in relation to its cultivation and harvesting in East Anglia for the thatching industry. Norfolk Reed Growers' Association Monographs 1: 3-48.
Halsam, S. M. 1972: Biological flora of the British Isles Phragmites australis Trin. Journal of Ecology 60: 585-610.
Hocking, P. J.; Finlayson, C. M.; Chick, A.J. 1998: Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin. ex Steud. In: Panetta, F. D.; Groves, R. H.; Shepherd, R. C. H. eds. The Biology of Australian Weeds Vol 2. Meredith, Australia, R. G.& F. D. Richardson.
Holm, L. G.; Plucknett, D. L.; Pancho, J. V.; Herberger, J. P. 1977: The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, University Press of Hawaii.
Keating, R. D. 1998: Evidence presented at a Biosecurity Exemption Application by the Selwyn District Council to the Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch, September 1998.
Kowarik, I. 1995: The lag phase in biological invasions with regard to the success and failure of alien species. In: Pysek, P.; Prach, K.; Rejmanek, M.; Wade, M. eds Plant invasions- general aspects and special problems. Pp. 15-38. Amsterdam Academic Publishing.
Levin, S. A. 1989: Analysis of risk for invasions and control programs. In: Drake, J. A. et al. eds Biological Invasions. New York, John Wiley & Sons. Pp. 425-435.
Mack, R. N. 1996: Predicting the identity and fate of plant invaders: emergent and emerging approaches.Biological Conservation 78: 107-121.
Metcalf, L. J. 1998: Evidence presented at a Biosecurity Exemption Application by the Selwyn District Council to the Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch, September 1998.
Moody, M.E., Mack, J.A. 1988: Controlling the spread of plant invasions: the importance of nascent foci. Journal of Applied Ecology 25: 1009-1021. Pheloung, P. 1996: Predicting the weed potential of plant introductions. Eleventh Australian Weeds Conference Proceedings: 458-461.
Pheloung, P.;Williams, P. A.; Halloy, S. J. In Press: A weed risk assessment model for use as a biosecurity tool evaluating plant introductions. Journal of Vegetation Management.
van der Putten, W. H.1997: Die-back of Phragmites australis in European wetlands: an overview of the European Research Program on reed die-back and progression (1993-1994). Aquatic Botany 59: 263-275.
Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988: Flora of New Zealand Vol IV. Wellington, DSIR.
Williams, P. A. 1996: A weed risk assessment model for screening plant imports into New Zealand. LC9596/080. Landcare Research, Lincoln.